Related papers: Fundamentals of Vacuum Breakdown in High-Field Sys…
The failure of materials and interfaces is mediated by cracks, nearly singular dissipative structures that propagate at velocities approaching the speed of sound. Crack initiation and subsequent propagation -- the dynamic process of…
When a charged particle travels across the vacuum chamber of an accelerator, it induces electromagnetic fields, which are left mainly behind the generating particle. These electromagnetic fields act back on the beam and influence its…
Field/circuit coupling is a common approach when a lumped representation of a certain electrotechnical device is not accurate enough. To exploit existing code and underlying properties of the coupled systems, cosimulation techniques such as…
When the vacuum state of a scalar or electromagnetic field is modified by the presence of a reflecting boundary, an interacting test particle undergoes velocity fluctuations. Such effect is regarded as a sort of quantum analog of the…
All systems are expected to be designed to fulfil their functions over their requested lifetime. Nevertheless, failure of a system may occur, and this is unfortunately, true also for vacuum systems. From a mechanical point of view,…
Phase transitions are the macroscopic manifestation of microscopic processes that drive a system towards a new state. The detailed evolution of these processes, particularly in abrupt phase transitions, are currently not fully understood.…
Cell adhesion complexes (CACs), which are activated by ligand binding, play key roles in many cellular functions ranging from cell cycle regulation to mediation of cell extracellular matrix adhesion. Inspired by single molecule pulling…
Using single-crystal organic field-effect transistors with the conduction channel exposed to environmental agents we have observed generation of electronic defects at the organic surface in the high-vacuum environment. Rapid decrease of the…
The operation of high-energy and high-intensity particle accelerators inevitably leads to the loss of a fraction of beam particles, either through controlled processes or accidental events. This article builds on a first lecture on…
Arguments are presented that the reaction products of central high energy nuclear collisions up to collider energies can rigorously be interpreted in terms of a continuous decoupling mechanism based on continuous equations of motion. The…
Upcoming high-intensity laser systems will be able to probe the quantum-induced nonlinear regime of electrodynamics. So far unobserved QED phenomena such as the discovery of a nonlinear response of the quantum vacuum to macroscopic…
This article presents: 1) The theoretical background of strong field physics and vacuum structure and stability; 2) The instrumental developments in the area of pulse lasers and considers the physics case for ultra intense laser facilities;…
Under strong electric fields, an arc of strong current flowing through plasma can link two metal surfaces even in ultra high vacuum. Despite decades of research, the chain of events leading to vacuum arc breakdowns is hitherto unknown.…
We recall how nearly half a century ago the proposal was made to explore the structure of the quantum vacuum using slow heavy-ion collisions. Pursuing this topic we review the foundational concept of spontaneous vacuum decay accompanied by…
We provide a short review of the progress made in the past decade with functional QCD in the description of the phase structure of QCD. We summarise the most important technical aspects of the framework, discuss strategies for truncations…
Two roads are presently being followed in order to establish the existence of a liquid-gas phase transition in finite nuclear systems from nuclear reactions at high energy. The clean experiment of observing the thermodynamic properties of a…
The increasing integration of renewable energy into the power grid has highlighted the critical importance of demand-side flexibility. Among flexible loads, heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems are particularly…
In an effort to locate the cause(s) of high electric-field breakdown in x-band accelerating structures, we have cleanly-autopsied (no debris added by post-operation structure disassembly) an RF-processed structure. Macroscopic localization…
A Damped Detuned Structure (DDS) for CLIC main linac has been proposed as an alternative to the present baseline design which is based on heavy damping. A first prototype, CLIC_DDS_A, for high power tests has been already designed and is…
Due to the low conductivity of pure water, using an electrolyte is common for achieving efficient water electrolysis. In this paper, we have broken through this common sense by using deep-sub-Debye-length nanogap electrochemical cells for…