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Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as a dominant AI paradigm due to their exceptional text understanding and generation capabilities. However, their tendency to generate inconsistent or erroneous outputs challenges their reliability,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Yedi Zhang , Sun Yi Emma , Annabelle Lee Jia En , Jin Song Dong

Knowing the current situation on every road in an area is still difficult to anticipate. Commuters, riders, and drivers are still dependent on road situations from a local news agency to be well informed and be updated on possible road…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Benzar Glen S. Grepon , JC P. Margallo , Jonathan B. Maserin , Rio Al-Di A. Dompol

In this paper, we argue that current safety alignment research efforts for large language models are hindered by many intertwined sources of noise, such as small datasets, methodological inconsistencies, and unreliable evaluation setups.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Tim Beyer , Sophie Xhonneux , Simon Geisler , Gauthier Gidel , Leo Schwinn , Stephan Günnemann

Most existing retrieval-augmented language models (LMs) assume a naive dichotomy within a retrieved document set: query-relevance and irrelevance. Our work investigates a more challenging scenario in which even the "relevant" documents may…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Giwon Hong , Jeonghwan Kim , Junmo Kang , Sung-Hyon Myaeng , Joyce Jiyoung Whang

The proliferation of large language models (LLMs) has significantly advanced intelligent systems. Unfortunately, LLMs often face knowledge conflicts between internal memory and retrieved external information, arising from misinformation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Jiatai Wang , Zhiwei Xu , Di Jin , Xuewen Yang , Tao Li

Anomaly detection is an important task in network management. However, deploying intelligent alert systems in real-world large-scale networking systems is challenging when we take into account (i) scalability, (ii) data heterogeneity, and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Yao Zhao , Sophine Zhang , Zhiyuan Yao

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has driven recent capability advances of large language models across various domains. Recent studies suggest that improved RLVR algorithms allow models to learn effectively from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Yuxuan Zhu , Daniel Kang

Reinforcement learning (RL) constitutes a promising solution for alleviating the problem of traffic congestion. In particular, deep RL algorithms have been shown to produce adaptive traffic signal controllers that outperform conventional…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-07-23 Filipe Rodrigues , Carlos Lima Azevedo

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) is a simple but powerful paradigm for training LLMs: sample a completion, verify it, and update. In practice, however, the verifier is almost never clean--unit tests probe only limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Ali Rad , Khashayar Filom , Darioush Keivan , Peyman Mohajerin Esfahani , Ehsan Kamalinejad

Coexistence of 5G new radio unlicensed (NR-U) and Wi-Fi is highly prone to the collisions among NR-U gNBs (5G base stations) and Wi-Fi APs (access points). To improve performance and fairness for both networks, various collision resolution…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-04 Mohammad Reza Fasihi , Brian L. Mark

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) improves final-answer accuracy on reasoning tasks, but it does not reliably improve reasoning quality. Because outcome rewards only assess final answers, they also reward spurious…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Chenlu Ye , Zhou Yu , Ziji Zhang , Hao Chen , Narayanan Sadagopan , Jing Huang , Tong Zhang , Anurag Beniwal

Through the Internet of Things (IoT) the internet scope is established by the integration of physical things to classify themselves into mutual things. A physical thing can be created by this inventive perception to signify itself in the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-05-20 Mina Zaminkar , Reza Fotohi

Relay and reseller APIs increasingly intermediate access to large language models (LLMs), but users have no direct way to verify that a claimed endpoint is actually serving the advertised model. We introduce KBF, a low-cost black-box…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yijia Fang , Yiqing Feng , Bingyu Li , Mingxun Zhou

Knowledge graph reasoning (KGR) -- answering complex logical queries over large knowledge graphs -- represents an important artificial intelligence task, entailing a range of applications (e.g., cyber threat hunting). However, despite its…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-23 Zhaohan Xi , Tianyu Du , Changjiang Li , Ren Pang , Shouling Ji , Xiapu Luo , Xusheng Xiao , Fenglong Ma , Ting Wang

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a promising approach for achieving autonomous driving due to robust decision-making capabilities. RL learns a driving policy through trial and error in traffic scenarios, guided by a reward function that…

BGP route leaks frequently precipitate serious disruptions to interdomain routing. These incidents have plagued the Internet for decades while deployment and usability issues cripple efforts to mitigate the problem. Peerlock, introduced in…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-11-18 Tyler McDaniel , Jared M. Smith , Max Schuchard

Ensuring safety of nonlinear systems under model uncertainty and external disturbances is crucial, especially for real-world control tasks. Predictive methods such as robust model predictive control (RMPC) require solving nonconvex…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-14 Zeyang Li , Chuxiong Hu , Weiye Zhao , Changliu Liu

Retrieval-augmented LLMs are deployed for tasks where evidence quality determines action safety, yet evaluation protocols assume that single-turn robustness predicts robustness when evidence accumulates across turns. We show this assumption…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Zhe Yu , Wenpeng Xing , Chen Ye , Xuyang Teng , Bo Yang , Changting Lin , Meng Han

Illegal content reporting mechanisms are a key technical and organizational measure through which online platforms address illegal content under the European Union Digital Services Act (DSA). Article 16 requires user notices to be…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Marie-Therese Sekwenz , Shreyan Biswas , Rita Hermann-Gsenger , Ujwal Gadiraju

Recently, auto-bidding technique has become an essential tool to increase the revenue of advertisers. Facing the complex and ever-changing bidding environments in the real-world advertising system (RAS), state-of-the-art auto-bidding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Zhiyu Mou , Yusen Huo , Rongquan Bai , Mingzhou Xie , Chuan Yu , Jian Xu , Bo Zheng
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