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A common setting of reinforcement learning (RL) is a Markov decision process (MDP) in which the environment is a stochastic discrete-time dynamical system. Whereas MDPs are suitable in such applications as video-games or puzzles, physical…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Pavel Osinenko , Dmitrii Dobriborsci , Grigory Yaremenko , Georgiy Malaniya

Multi-task representation learning (MTRL) is an approach that learns shared latent representations across related tasks, facilitating collaborative learning that improves the overall learning efficiency. This paper studies MTRL for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Yaoze Guo , Shana Moothedath

In-context reinforcement learning (ICRL) refers to the ability of RL agents to adapt to new tasks at inference time without parameter updates by conditioning on additional context. Recent empirical studies further demonstrate that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Zixuan Xie , Xinyu Liu , Rohan Chandra , Shangtong Zhang

Recent studies have shown that large language models (LLMs), when customized with post-training on tabular data, can acquire general tabular in-context learning (TabICL) capabilities. These models are able to transfer effectively across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Xumeng Wen , Shun Zheng , Zhen Xu , Yiming Sun , Jiang Bian

Meta reinforcement learning (Meta RL) has been amply explored to quickly learn an unseen task by transferring previously learned knowledge from similar tasks. However, most state-of-the-art algorithms require the meta-training tasks to have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Lu Wen , Songan Zhang , H. Eric Tseng , Huei Peng

In-Context Reinforcement Learning (ICRL) has emerged as a promising paradigm for developing agents that can rapidly adapt to new tasks by leveraging past experiences as context, without updating their parameters. Recent approaches train…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Wenhao Zhang , Shao Zhang , Xihuai Wang , Yang Li , Ying Wen

In this paper, we study the problem of transferring the available Markov Decision Process (MDP) models to learn and plan efficiently in an unknown but similar MDP. We refer to it as \textit{Model Transfer Reinforcement Learning (MTRL)}…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Hannes Eriksson , Debabrota Basu , Tommy Tram , Mina Alibeigi , Christos Dimitrakakis

Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL) describes the problem of learning an unknown reward function of a Markov Decision Process (MDP) from observed behavior of an agent. Since the agent's behavior originates in its policy and MDP policies…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-04-14 Michael Herman , Tobias Gindele , Jörg Wagner , Felix Schmitt , Wolfram Burgard

Transformer-based multimodal large language models often exhibit in-context learning (ICL) abilities. Motivated by this phenomenon, we ask: how do transformers learn to associate information across modalities from in-context examples? We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Yiran Huang , Karsten Roth , Quentin Bouniot , Wenjia Xu , Zeynep Akata

In-Context Learning (ICL) empowers Large Language Models (LLMs) with the ability to learn from a few examples provided in the prompt, enabling downstream generalization without the requirement for gradient updates. Despite encouragingly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Haitao Mao , Guangliang Liu , Yao Ma , Rongrong Wang , Kristen Johnson , Jiliang Tang

State-of-the-art meta reinforcement learning algorithms typically assume the setting of a single agent interacting with its environment in a sequential manner. A negative side-effect of this sequential execution paradigm is that, as the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-03-08 Emilio Parisotto , Soham Ghosh , Sai Bhargav Yalamanchi , Varsha Chinnaobireddy , Yuhuai Wu , Ruslan Salakhutdinov

Developing generalist robots capable of mastering diverse skills remains a central challenge in embodied AI. While recent progress emphasizes scaling model parameters and offline datasets, such approaches are limited in robotics, where…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Shaohuai Liu , Weirui Ye , Yilun Du , Le Xie

In reinforcement learning (RL), when defining a Markov Decision Process (MDP), the environment dynamics is implicitly assumed to be stationary. This assumption of stationarity, while simplifying, can be unrealistic in many scenarios. In the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-15 Shagun Sodhani , Franziska Meier , Joelle Pineau , Amy Zhang

Efficient task scheduling in large-scale distributed systems presents significant challenges due to dynamic workloads, heterogeneous resources, and competing quality-of-service requirements. Traditional centralized approaches face…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Daniel Benniah John

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable in-context learning (ICL) capabilities, yet their potential for sequential decision-making remains underexplored. In this paper, we study the ICL capabilities of LLMs in sequential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Minmin Zhang , Sina Aghaei , Soroush Saghafian

A major challenge in the Deep RL (DRL) community is to train agents able to generalize their control policy over situations never seen in training. Training on diverse tasks has been identified as a key ingredient for good generalization,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-02 Rémy Portelas , Clément Romac , Katja Hofmann , Pierre-Yves Oudeyer

Large Language Models have demonstrated remarkable performance across various tasks, exhibiting the capacity to swiftly acquire new skills, such as through In-Context Learning (ICL) with minimal demonstration examples. In this work, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Folco Bertini Baldassini , Mustafa Shukor , Matthieu Cord , Laure Soulier , Benjamin Piwowarski

Learning from demonstrations has made great progress over the past few years. However, it is generally data hungry and task specific. In other words, it requires a large amount of data to train a decent model on a particular task, and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-29 Pin Wang , Hanhan Li , Ching-Yao Chan

In-context learning (ICL), teaching a large language model (LLM) to perform a task with few-shot demonstrations rather than adjusting the model parameters, has emerged as a strong paradigm for using LLMs. While early studies primarily used…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Man Luo , Xin Xu , Zhuyun Dai , Panupong Pasupat , Mehran Kazemi , Chitta Baral , Vaiva Imbrasaite , Vincent Y Zhao

Inverse Constrained Reinforcement Learning (ICRL) is the task of inferring the implicit constraints that expert agents adhere to, based on their demonstration data. As an emerging research topic, ICRL has received considerable attention in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Guiliang Liu , Sheng Xu , Shicheng Liu , Ashish Gaurav , Sriram Ganapathi Subramanian , Pascal Poupart