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Synthetic data has gained significant momentum thanks to sophisticated machine learning tools that enable the synthesis of high-dimensional datasets. However, many generation techniques do not give the data controller control over what…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Florimond Houssiau , Samuel N. Cohen , Lukasz Szpruch , Owen Daniel , Michaela G. Lawrence , Robin Mitra , Henry Wilde , Callum Mole

The past decade has witnessed a substantial increase in the number of startups and companies offering AI-based solutions for clinical decision support in medical institutions. However, the critical nature of medical decision-making raises…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-27 Solha Kang , Wesley De Neve , Francois Rameau , Utku Ozbulak

Advances in computing power, deep learning architectures, and expert labelled datasets have spurred the development of medical imaging artificial intelligence systems that rival clinical experts in a variety of scenarios. The National…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-18 Rohan Shad , John P. Cunningham , Euan A. Ashley , Curtis P. Langlotz , William Hiesinger

The potential of synthetic data to replace real data creates a huge demand for synthetic data in data-hungry AI. This potential is even greater when synthetic data is used for training along with a small number of real images from domains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Hyungtae Lee , Yan Zhang , Heesung Kwon , Shuvra S. Bhattacharrya

There is no consensus in the field of synthetic data on concise metrics for quality evaluations or benchmarks on large health datasets, such as historical epidemiological data. This study presents an evaluation of seven recent models from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Jean-Baptiste Escudié , Benjamin Barnes , Stefan Meisegeier , Klaus Kraywinkel , Fabian Prasser , Nils Körber

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have led to the development of highly potent models like OpenAI's ChatGPT. These models have exhibited exceptional performance in a variety of tasks, such as question answering, essay…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Ruixiang Tang , Xiaotian Han , Xiaoqian Jiang , Xia Hu

Artificial intelligence (AI) models trained using medical images for clinical tasks often exhibit bias in the form of disparities in performance between subgroups. Since not all sources of biases in real-world medical imaging data are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Emma A. M. Stanley , Raissa Souza , Anthony Winder , Vedant Gulve , Kimberly Amador , Matthias Wilms , Nils D. Forkert

Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) is taking the world by storm. It promises transformative opportunities for advancing and disrupting existing practices, including healthcare. From large language models (LLMs) for clinical note…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Gang Chen , Changshuo Liu , Gene Anne Ooi , Marcus Tan , Zhongle Xie , Jianwei Yin , James Wei Luen Yip , Wenqiao Zhang , Jiaqi Zhu , Beng Chin Ooi

The use of synthetic data has emerged as an essential tool in Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) research and applications, providing advantages for optimization of acquisition, software validation, deep learning applications, and…

Developing artificial intelligence (AI) tools for healthcare is a collaborative effort, bringing data scientists, clinicians, patients and other disciplines together. In this paper, we explore the collaborative data practices of research…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Rafael Henkin , Elizabeth Remfry , Duncan J. Reynolds , Megan Clinch , Michael R. Barnes

Synthetic datasets have long been thought of as second-rate, to be used only when "real" data collected directly from the real world is unavailable. But this perspective assumes that raw data is clean, unbiased, and trustworthy, which it…

Databases · Computer Science 2019-05-07 Luke Rodriguez , Bill Howe

Trustworthy clinical advice is crucial but burdensome when seeking health support from professionals. Inaccessibility and financial burdens present obstacles to obtaining professional clinical advice, even when healthcare is available.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Delong Du , Richard Paluch , Gunnar Stevens , Claudia Müller

Recent advances in deep learning and on-device inference could transform routine screening for skin cancers. Along with the anticipated benefits of this technology, potential dangers arise from unforeseen and inherent biases. A significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Ko Watanabe , Stanislav Frolov , Aya Hassan , David Dembinsky , Adriano Lucieri , Andreas Dengel

Generative AI models hold great potential in creating synthetic brain MRIs that advance neuroimaging studies by, for example, enriching data diversity. However, the mainstay of AI research only focuses on optimizing the visual quality (such…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-10 Wei Peng , Tomas Bosschieter , Jiahong Ouyang , Robert Paul , Ehsan Adeli , Qingyu Zhao , Kilian M. Pohl

The widespread adoption of wearable sensors has the potential to provide massive and heterogeneous time series data, driving the use of Artificial Intelligence in human sensing applications. However, data collection remains limited due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Flavio Di Martino , Franca Delmastro

We develop a novel strategy to generate synthetic tumors. Unlike existing works, the tumors generated by our strategy have two intriguing advantages: (1) realistic in shape and texture, which even medical professionals can confuse with real…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-27 Qixin Hu , Junfei Xiao , Yixiong Chen , Shuwen Sun , Jie-Neng Chen , Alan Yuille , Zongwei Zhou

Remarkable success of modern image-based AI methods and the resulting interest in their applications in critical decision-making processes has led to a surge in efforts to make such intelligent systems transparent and explainable. The need…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-11-30 Adriano Lucieri , Muhammad Naseer Bajwa , Andreas Dengel , Sheraz Ahmed

The availability of genomic data is essential to progress in biomedical research, personalized medicine, etc. However, its extreme sensitivity makes it problematic, if not outright impossible, to publish or share it. As a result, several…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2022-01-19 Bristena Oprisanu , Georgi Ganev , Emiliano De Cristofaro

In this work, we reflect on the data-driven modeling paradigm that is gaining ground in AI-driven automation of patient care. We argue that the repurposing of existing real-world patient datasets for machine learning may not always…

The increased capabilities of generative AI have dramatically expanded its possible use cases in medicine. We provide a comprehensive overview of generative AI use cases for clinicians, patients, clinical trial organizers, researchers, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Divya Shanmugam , Monica Agrawal , Rajiv Movva , Irene Y. Chen , Marzyeh Ghassemi , Maia Jacobs , Emma Pierson