The increased capabilities of generative AI have dramatically expanded its possible use cases in medicine. We provide a comprehensive overview of generative AI use cases for clinicians, patients, clinical trial organizers, researchers, and trainees. We then discuss the many challenges -- including maintaining privacy and security, improving transparency and interpretability, upholding equity, and rigorously evaluating models -- which must be overcome to realize this potential, and the open research directions they give rise to.
@article{arxiv.2412.10337,
title = {Generative AI in Medicine},
author = {Divya Shanmugam and Monica Agrawal and Rajiv Movva and Irene Y. Chen and Marzyeh Ghassemi and Maia Jacobs and Emma Pierson},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2412.10337},
year = {2024}
}
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To appear in the Annual Review of Biomedical Data Science, August 2025