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In many real-world decision problems there is partially observed, hidden or latent information that remains fixed throughout an interaction. Such decision problems can be modeled as Latent Markov Decision Processes (LMDPs), where a latent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Jeongyeol Kwon , Shie Mannor , Constantine Caramanis , Yonathan Efroni

Steganographic protocols enable one to embed covert messages into inconspicuous data over a public communication channel in such a way that no one, aside from the sender and the intended receiver, can even detect the presence of the secret…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-02-06 Aggelos Kiayias , Alexander Russell , Narasimha Shashidhar

Steganography is the art and science of hiding data within innocent-looking objects (cover objects). Multimedia objects such as images and videos are an attractive type of cover objects due to their high embedding rates. There exist many…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Hassan Y. El-Arsh , Amr Abdelaziz , Ahmed Elliethy , Hussein A. Aly

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have driven promising progress in lossless image compression. However, directly adopting existing paradigms for medical images suffers from an unsatisfactory trade-off between compression performance…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-05 Pengcheng Zheng , Xiaorong Pu , Kecheng Chen , Jiaxin Huang , Meng Yang , Bai Feng , Yazhou Ren , Jianan Jiang , Chaoning Zhang , Yang Yang , Heng Tao Shen

Currently, cryptography is in wide use as it is being exploited in various domains from data confidentiality to data integrity and message authentication. Basically, cryptography shuffles data so that they become unreadable by unauthorized…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-12-11 Youssef Bassil

Steganography is the practice of encoding secret information into innocuous content in such a manner that an adversarial third party would not realize that there is hidden meaning. While this problem has classically been studied in security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Christian Schroeder de Witt , Samuel Sokota , J. Zico Kolter , Jakob Foerster , Martin Strohmeier

Steganalysis has been an important research topic in cybersecurity that helps to identify covert attacks in public network. With the rapid development of natural language processing technology in the past two years, coverless steganography…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-10-19 Zhongliang Yang , Nan Wei , Junyi Sheng , Yongfeng Huang , Yu-Jin Zhang

The art of information hiding has been around nearly as long as the need for covert communication. Steganography, the concealing of information, arose early on as an extremely useful method for covert information transmission. Steganography…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2012-05-10 Bhavana S. , K. L. Sudha

We consider discounted infinite-horizon constrained Markov decision processes (CMDPs), where the goal is to find an optimal policy that maximizes the expected cumulative reward while satisfying expected cumulative constraints. Motivated by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Tingting Ni , Maryam Kamgarpour

We investigate the problem of best-policy identification in discounted Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) when the learner has access to a generative model. The objective is to devise a learning algorithm returning the best policy as early as…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-05-11 Aymen Al Marjani , Alexandre Proutiere

We study the policy testing problem in discounted Markov decision processes (MDPs) in the fixed-confidence setting under a generative model with static sampling. The goal is to decide whether the value of a given policy exceeds a specified…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-21 Kaito Ariu , Po-An Wang , Alexandre Proutiere , Kenshi Abe

In this paper, a novel steganographic scheme based on chaotic iterations is proposed. This research work takes place into the information hiding framework, and focus more specifically on robust steganography. Steganographic algorithms can…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2017-06-28 Jacques M. Bahi , Jean-François Couchot , Nicolas Friot , Christophe Guyeux

Historically, steganographic schemes were designed in a way to preserve image statistics or steganalytic features. Since most of the state-of-the-art steganalytic methods employ a machine learning (ML) based classifier, it is reasonable to…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Weixuan Tang , Bin Li , Shunquan Tan , Mauro Barni , Jiwu Huang

The security of private communication is increasingly at risk due to widespread surveillance. Steganography, a technique for embedding secret messages within innocuous carriers, enables covert communication over monitored channels. Provably…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Kaiyi Pang , Minhao Bai

Steganography, as one of the three basic information security systems, has long played an important role in safeguarding the privacy and confidentiality of data in cyberspace. The text is the most widely used information carrier in people's…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-11-13 Zhongliang Yang , Shuyu Jin , Yongfeng Huang , Yujin Zhang , Hui Li

Steganography is the process of embedding secret information discreetly within a carrier, ensuring secure exchange of confidential data. The Adaptive Pixel Value Differencing (APVD) steganography method, while effective, encounters certain…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Mehrab Hosain , Rajiv Kapoor

We propose a new model of steganography based on a list of pseudo-randomly sorted sequences of characters. Given a list $L$ of $m$ columns containing $n$ distinct strings each, with low or no semantic relationship between columns taken two…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-03-08 Rene Ndoundam , Stephane Gael R. Ekodeck

Steganography, the art of information hiding, has continually evolved across visual, auditory and linguistic domains, adapting to the ceaseless interplay between steganographic concealment and steganalytic revelation. This study seeks to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Ching-Chun Chang , Yijie Lin , Isao Echizen

We propose a simple universal (that is, distribution--free) steganographic system in which covertexts with and without hidden texts are statistically indistinguishable. The stegosystem can be applied to any source generating i.i.d.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Boris Ryabko , Daniil Ryabko

Contextual Markov Decision Processes (CMDPs) offer a framework for sequential decision-making under external signals, but existing methods often fail to generalize in high-dimensional or unstructured contexts, resulting in excessive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Peidong Liu , Junjiang Lin , Shaowen Wang , Yao Xu , Haiqing Li , Xuhao Xie , Siyi Wu , Hao Li