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Safe deployment of large language models (LLMs) may benefit from a reliable method for assessing their generated content to determine when to abstain or to selectively generate. While likelihood-based metrics such as perplexity are widely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Jie Ren , Yao Zhao , Tu Vu , Peter J. Liu , Balaji Lakshminarayanan

Autoregressive language models are constrained by their inherently sequential nature, generating one token at a time. This paradigm limits inference speed and parallelism, especially during later stages of generation when the direction and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Mohammad Samragh , Arnav Kundu , David Harrison , Kumari Nishu , Devang Naik , Minsik Cho , Mehrdad Farajtabar

Self-Rewarding Language Models propose an architecture in which the Large Language Models(LLMs) both generates responses and evaluates its own outputs via LLM-as-a-Judge prompting, dynamically improving its generative capabilities through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Yidong Wang , Xin Wang , Cunxiang Wang , Junfeng Fang , Qiufeng Wang , Jianing Chu , Xuran Meng , Shuxun Yang , Libo Qin , Yue Zhang , Wei Ye , Shikun Zhang

Large language models augmented with task-relevant documents have demonstrated impressive performance on knowledge-intensive tasks. However, regarding how to obtain effective documents, the existing methods are mainly divided into two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Zhangyin Feng , Xiaocheng Feng , Dezhi Zhao , Maojin Yang , Bing Qin

This paper argues that generating output tokens is more effective than using pooled representations for prediction tasks because token-level generation retains more mutual information. Since LLMs are trained on massive text corpora using…

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit impressive capabilities but require careful alignment with human preferences. Traditional training-time methods finetune LLMs using human preference datasets but incur significant training costs and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Yuancheng Xu , Udari Madhushani Sehwag , Alec Koppel , Sicheng Zhu , Bang An , Furong Huang , Sumitra Ganesh

Large language models have recently demonstrated remarkable abilities to self-correct their responses through iterative refinement, often referred to as self-consistency or self-reflection. However, the dynamics of this self-correction…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Hossein A. Rahmani , Satyapriya Krishna , Xi Wang , Mohammadmehdi Naghiaei , Emine Yilmaz

Although large language models (LLMs) have become more capable and accurate across many tasks, some fundamental sources of unreliability remain in their behavior. One key limitation is their inconsistency at reporting the same information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Juan Diego Rodriguez , Wenxuan Ding , Katrin Erk , Greg Durrett

While recent studies have looked into the abilities of large language models in various benchmark tasks, including question generation, reading comprehension, multilingual and etc, there have been few studies looking into the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Jiao Sun , Yufei Tian , Wangchunshu Zhou , Nan Xu , Qian Hu , Rahul Gupta , John Frederick Wieting , Nanyun Peng , Xuezhe Ma

Large language models increasingly rely on explicit reasoning chains and can produce multiple plausible responses for a given context. We study the candidate sampler that produces the set of plausible responses contrasting the ancestral…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Sergey Troshin , Irina Saparina , Antske Fokkens , Vlad Niculae

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant utility in real-world applications, exhibiting impressive capabilities in natural language processing and understanding. Benchmark evaluations are crucial for assessing the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Wenbo Zhang , Hengrui Cai , Wenyu Chen

Generative spoken language models pretrained on large-scale raw audio can continue a speech prompt with appropriate content while preserving attributes like speaker and emotion, serving as foundation models for spoken dialogue. In prior…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Chan-Jan Hsu , Liang-Hsuan Tseng , Yi-Cheng Lin , Yen-Chun Kuo , Ju-Chieh Chou , Kai-Wei Chang , Hung-yi Lee , Carlos Busso

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionised the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and have achieved state-of-the-art performance in practically every task in this field. However, the prevalent approach used in text generation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Nicolo Micheletti , Samuel Belkadi , Lifeng Han , Goran Nenadic

The rapid advancement of conversational search systems revolutionizes how information is accessed by enabling the multi-turn interaction between the user and the system. Existing conversational search systems are usually built with two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Fengran Mo , Yifan Gao , Chuan Meng , Xin Liu , Zhuofeng Wu , Kelong Mao , Zhengyang Wang , Pei Chen , Zheng Li , Xian Li , Bing Yin , Meng Jiang

Large Language Models (LLMs) can exhibit considerable variation in the quality of their sampled outputs. Reranking and selecting the best generation from the sampled set is a popular way of obtaining strong gains in generation quality. In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-15 Siddhartha Jain , Xiaofei Ma , Anoop Deoras , Bing Xiang

Multiple choice benchmarks have long been the workhorse of language model evaluation because grading multiple choice is objective and easy to automate. However, we show multiple choice questions from popular benchmarks can often be answered…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Nikhil Chandak , Shashwat Goel , Ameya Prabhu , Moritz Hardt , Jonas Geiping

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in aligning visual inputs with natural language outputs. Yet, the extent to which generated tokens depend on visual modalities remains poorly understood,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Ruoyu Chen , Xiaoqing Guo , Kangwei Liu , Siyuan Liang , Shiming Liu , Qunli Zhang , Laiyuan Wang , Hua Zhang , Xiaochun Cao

We introduce LlamaGen, a new family of image generation models that apply original ``next-token prediction'' paradigm of large language models to visual generation domain. It is an affirmative answer to whether vanilla autoregressive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Peize Sun , Yi Jiang , Shoufa Chen , Shilong Zhang , Bingyue Peng , Ping Luo , Zehuan Yuan

Autoregression in large language models (LLMs) has shown impressive scalability by unifying all language tasks into the next token prediction paradigm. Recently, there is a growing interest in extending this success to vision foundation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Shenghao Xie , Wenqiang Zu , Mingyang Zhao , Duo Su , Shilong Liu , Ruohua Shi , Guoqi Li , Shanghang Zhang , Lei Ma

Autoregressive Large Language Models (LLMs) trained for next-word prediction have demonstrated remarkable proficiency at producing coherent text. But are they equally adept at forming coherent probability judgments? We use probabilistic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Jian-Qiao Zhu , Thomas L. Griffiths
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