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Despite the success of autoregressive large language models in text generation, it remains a major challenge to generate text that satisfies complex constraints: sampling from the conditional distribution ${\Pr}(\text{text} | \alpha)$ is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Honghua Zhang , Meihua Dang , Nanyun Peng , Guy Van den Broeck

This article introduces semantically meaningful causal language modeling (SMCLM), a selfsupervised method of training autoregressive models to generate semantically equivalent text. Our approach involves using semantically meaningful text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Michał Perełkiewicz , Sławomir Dadas , Rafał Poświata

Large language models have achieved remarkable success on final-answer mathematical problems, largely due to the ease of applying reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards. However, the reasoning underlying these solutions is often…

Autoregressive models excel in sequential modeling and have proven to be effective for vision-language data. However, the spatial nature of visual signals conflicts with the sequential dependencies of next-token prediction, leading to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Jiamian Wang , Ziqi Zhou , Chaithanya Kumar Mummadi , Sohail Dianat , Majid Rabbani , Raghuveer Rao , Chen Qiu , Zhiqiang Tao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have in recent years demonstrated impressive prowess in natural language generation. A common practice to improve generation diversity is to sample multiple outputs from the model. However, there lacks a simple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-23 Xingdi Yuan , Tong Wang , Yen-Hsiang Wang , Emery Fine , Rania Abdelghani , Pauline Lucas , Hélène Sauzéon , Pierre-Yves Oudeyer

We explore the use of long-context capabilities in large language models to create synthetic reading comprehension data from entire books. Previous efforts to construct such datasets relied on crowd-sourcing, but the emergence of…

We observe that current conversational language models often waver in their judgments when faced with follow-up questions, even if the original judgment was correct. This wavering presents a significant challenge for generating reliable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Qiming Xie , Zengzhi Wang , Yi Feng , Rui Xia

Large language models (LLMs) have been recently leveraged as training data generators for various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. While previous research has explored different approaches to training models using generated data,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Yue Yu , Yuchen Zhuang , Jieyu Zhang , Yu Meng , Alexander Ratner , Ranjay Krishna , Jiaming Shen , Chao Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used to generate synthetic textual data for training smaller specialized models. However, a comparison of various generation strategies for low-resource language settings is lacking. While…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Tatiana Anikina , Jan Cegin , Jakub Simko , Simon Ostermann

Multi-label classification is prevalent in real-world settings, but the behavior of Large Language Models (LLMs) in this setting is understudied. We investigate how autoregressive LLMs perform multi-label classification, focusing on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Marcus Ma , Georgios Chochlakis , Niyantha Maruthu Pandiyan , Jesse Thomason , Shrikanth Narayanan

Recent work suggests that large language models enhanced with retrieval-augmented generation are easily influenced by the order, in which the retrieved documents are presented to the model when solving tasks such as question answering (QA).…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Tianyu Liu , Jirui Qi , Paul He , Arianna Bisazza , Mrinmaya Sachan , Ryan Cotterell

Deep generative modeling of natural languages has achieved many successes, such as producing fluent sentences and translating from one language into another. However, the development of generative modeling techniques for paraphrase…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Haotian Luo , Yixin Liu , Peidong Liu , Xianggen Liu

Large language models excel on static benchmarks, but their ability as self-learning agents in dynamic environments remains unclear. We evaluate three prompting strategies: self-reflection, heuristic mutation, and planning across dynamic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Annie Wong , Thomas Bäck , Aske Plaat , Niki van Stein , Anna V. Kononova

Test-time algorithms that combine the generative power of language models with process verifiers that assess the quality of partial generations offer a promising lever for eliciting new reasoning capabilities, but the algorithmic design…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Dhruv Rohatgi , Abhishek Shetty , Donya Saless , Yuchen Li , Ankur Moitra , Andrej Risteski , Dylan J. Foster

Standard autoregressive language models generate text by repeatedly selecting a discrete next token, coupling prediction with irreversible commitment at every step. We show that token selection is not the only viable autoregressive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Oshri Naparstek

The powerful generative abilities of large language models (LLMs) show potential in generating relevance labels for search applications. Previous work has found that directly asking about relevancy, such as ``How relevant is document A to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Le Yan , Zhen Qin , Honglei Zhuang , Rolf Jagerman , Xuanhui Wang , Michael Bendersky , Harrie Oosterhuis

Evaluating generative models, such as large language models (LLMs), commonly involves question-answering tasks where the final answer is selected based on probability of answer choices. On the other hand, for models requiring reasoning, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Hwiyeol Jo , Joosung Lee , Jaehone Lee , Sang-Woo Lee , Joonsuk Park , Kang Min Yoo

Recent large language models (LLMs) achieve strong performance in generating promising reasoning paths for complex tasks. However, despite powerful generation ability, LLMs remain weak at verifying their own answers, revealing a persistent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Yuxin Chen , Yu Wang , Yi Zhang , Ziang Ye , Zhengzhou Cai , Yaorui Shi , Qi Gu , Hui Su , Xunliang Cai , Xiang Wang , An Zhang , Tat-Seng Chua

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various applications, fundamentally reshaping the landscape of natural language processing (NLP) research. However, recent evaluation frameworks often rely on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Chenyang Lyu , Minghao Wu , Alham Fikri Aji

Reward modelling from preference data is a crucial step in aligning large language models (LLMs) with human values, requiring robust generalisation to novel prompt-response pairs. In this work, we propose to frame this problem in a causal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Katarzyna Kobalczyk , Mihaela van der Schaar