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There is an immense quantity of historical and cultural documentation that exists only as handwritten manuscripts. At the same time, performing OCR across scripts and different handwriting styles has proven to be an enormously difficult…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Lucian Li

Accurate transcription of handwritten mathematics is crucial for educational AI systems, yet current benchmarks fail to evaluate this capability properly. Most prior studies focus on single-line expressions and rely on lexical metrics such…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Jin Seong , Wencke Liermann , Minho Kim , Jong-hun Shin , Soojong Lim

Good OCR results for historical printings rely on the availability of recognition models trained on diplomatic transcriptions as ground truth, which is both a scarce resource and time-consuming to generate. Instead of having to train a…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2016-10-21 U. Springmann , F. Fink , K. U. Schulz

Optical character recognition (OCR) and document understanding systems increasingly rely on large vision and vision-language models, yet evaluation remains centered on modern, Western, and institutional documents. This emphasis masks system…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Fitsum Sileshi Beyene , Christopher L. Dancy

This paper presents two significant contributions: First, it introduces a novel dataset of 19th-century Latin American newspaper texts, addressing a critical gap in specialized corpora for historical and linguistic analysis in this region.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Laura Manrique-Gómez , Tony Montes , Arturo Rodríguez-Herrera , Rubén Manrique

Document digitization is essential for the digital transformation of our societies, yet a crucial step in the process, Optical Character Recognition (OCR), is still not perfect. Even commercial OCR systems can produce questionable output…

Optical character recognition (OCR) is a widely used pattern recognition application in numerous domains. There are several feature-rich, general-purpose OCR solutions available for consumers, which can provide moderate to excellent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Ayantha Randika , Nilanjan Ray , Xiao Xiao , Allegra Latimer

This paper presents our methodology and findings from three tasks across Optical Character Recognition (OCR) and Document Layout Analysis using advanced deep learning techniques. First, for the historical Hebrew fragments of the Dead Sea…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Hylke Westerdijk , Ben Blankenborg , Khondoker Ittehadul Islam

Current OCR systems are based on deep learning models trained on large amounts of data. Although they have shown some ability to generalize to unseen data, especially in detection tasks, they can struggle with recognizing low-quality data.…

Neural networks have become the technique of choice for OCR, but many aspects of how and why they deliver superior performance are still unknown. One key difference between current neural network techniques using LSTMs and the previous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-05-25 Ekraam Sabir , Stephen Rawls , Prem Natarajan

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, recent studies suggest that they still face challenges in performing fundamental NLP tasks essential for deep…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Ziyan Zhang , Yang Hou , Chen Gong , Zhenghua Li

Automatic program repair (APR) techniques have the potential to reduce manual efforts in uncovering and repairing program defects during the code review (CR) process. However, the limited accuracy and considerable time costs associated with…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-01 Zelin Zhao , Zhaogui Xu , Jialong Zhu , Peng Di , Yuan Yao , Xiaoxing Ma

Text line segmentation is one of the pre-stages of modern optical character recognition systems. The algorithmic approach proposed by this paper has been designed for this exact purpose. Its main characteristic is the combination of two…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Pit Schneider

We aim to investigate the performance of current OCR systems on low resource languages and low resource scripts. We introduce and make publicly available a novel benchmark, OCR4MT, consisting of real and synthetic data, enriched with noise,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Oana Ignat , Jean Maillard , Vishrav Chaudhary , Francisco Guzmán

Despite significant advancements in Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs), a gap remains, particularly regarding their interpretability and how they locate and interpret textual information within images. In this paper, we explore various…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Ingeol Baek , Hwan Chang , Sunghyun Ryu , Hwanhee Lee

The advent of large language models (LLMs) has revolutionized natural language processing, enabling unprecedented capabilities in understanding and generating human-like text. However, the computational cost and convergence times associated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Kerim Büyükakyüz

Property graphs are widely used in domains such as healthcare, finance, and social networks, but they often contain errors due to inconsistencies, missing data, or schema violations. Traditional rule-based and heuristic-driven graph repair…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Hrishikesh Terdalkar , Angela Bonifati , Andrea Mauri

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have recently shown strong performance on Optical Character Recognition (OCR) tasks, demonstrating their promising capability in document literacy. However, their effectiveness in real-world applications…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Zhipeng Xu , Junhao Ji , Zulong Chen , Zhenghao Liu , Qing Liu , Chunyi Peng , Zubao Qin , Ze Xu , Jianqiang Wan , Jun Tang , Zhibo Yang , Shuai Bai , Dayiheng Liu

Thousands of users consult digital archives daily, but the information they can access is unrepresentative of the diversity of documentary history. The sequence-to-sequence architecture typically used for optical character recognition (OCR)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Jacob Carlson , Tom Bryan , Melissa Dell

Optical Character Recognition (OCR) continues to face accuracy challenges that impact subsequent applications. To address these errors, we explore the utility of OCR confidence scores for enhancing post-OCR error detection. Our study…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Arthur Hemmer , Mickaël Coustaty , Nicola Bartolo , Jean-Marc Ogier