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Related papers: Adversarial Robustness in Two-Stage Learning-to-De…

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Learning-to-Defer (L2D) enables hybrid decision-making by routing inputs either to a predictor or to external experts. While promising, L2D is highly vulnerable to adversarial perturbations, which can not only flip predictions but also…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-29 Yannis Montreuil , Letian Yu , Axel Carlier , Lai Xing Ng , Wei Tsang Ooi

The Two-Stage Learning-to-Defer (L2D) framework has been extensively studied for classification and, more recently, regression tasks. However, many real-world applications require solving both tasks jointly in a multi-task setting. We…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-08-15 Yannis Montreuil , Shu Heng Yeo , Axel Carlier , Lai Xing Ng , Wei Tsang Ooi

Learning-to-Defer (L2D) methods route each query either to a predictive model or to external experts. While existing work studies this problem in batch settings, real-world deployments require handling streaming data, changing expert…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-29 Dang Hoang Duy , Yannis Montreuil , Maxime Meyer , Axel Carlier , Lai Xing Ng , Wei Tsang Ooi

Adversarial training provides a principled approach for training robust neural networks. From an optimization perspective, adversarial training is essentially solving a bilevel optimization problem. The leader problem is trying to learn a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Haoming Jiang , Zhehui Chen , Yuyang Shi , Bo Dai , Tuo Zhao

The adversarial subproblem in two-stage adaptive robust optimization (ARO), which identifies the worst-case uncertainty realization, is a major computational bottleneck. This difficulty is exacerbated when the recourse value function is…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-25 Zhiyi Zhou , Ján Drgoňa , Yury Dvorkin

The learning to defer (L2D) framework allows autonomous systems to be safe and robust by allocating difficult decisions to a human expert. All existing work on L2D assumes that each expert is well-identified, and if any expert were to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Dharmesh Tailor , Aditya Patra , Rajeev Verma , Putra Manggala , Eric Nalisnick

Learning-to-defer (L2D) routes each decision to a system's own predictor or to an external expert. Streaming time-series settings break the offline-L2D assumptions: the data are non-stationary, expert availability shifts over time, and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Yannis Montreuil , Letian Yu , Axel Carlier , Lai Xing Ng , Wei Tsang Ooi

Machine learning algorithms with empirical risk minimization are vulnerable under distributional shifts due to the greedy adoption of all the correlations found in training data. Recently, there are robust learning methods aiming at this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-12 Jiashuo Liu , Zheyan Shen , Peng Cui , Linjun Zhou , Kun Kuang , Bo Li , Yishi Lin

Machine learning algorithms with empirical risk minimization are vulnerable under distributional shifts due to the greedy adoption of all the correlations found in training data. There is an emerging literature on tackling this problem by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Jiashuo Liu , Zheyan Shen , Peng Cui , Linjun Zhou , Kun Kuang , Bo Li

We consider an online two-stage stochastic optimization with long-term constraints over a finite horizon of $T$ periods. At each period, we take the first-stage action, observe a model parameter realization and then take the second-stage…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Jiashuo Jiang

Learning to optimize (L2O) is an emerging technique to solve mathematical optimization problems with learning-based methods. Although with great success in many real-world scenarios such as wireless communications, computer networks, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Qingyu Song , Wei Lin , Juncheng Wang , Hong Xu

Adversarial robustness distillation (ARD) aims to transfer both performance and robustness from teacher model to lightweight student model, enabling resilient performance on resource-constrained scenarios. Though existing ARD approaches…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Liming Lu , Shuchao Pang , Xu Zheng , Xiang Gu , Anan Du , Yunhuai Liu , Yongbin Zhou

Training deep reinforcement learning (RL) agents necessitates overcoming the highly unstable nonconvex stochastic optimization inherent in the trial-and-error mechanism. To tackle this challenge, we propose a physics-inspired optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Yao Lyu , Xiangteng Zhang , Shengbo Eben Li , Jingliang Duan , Letian Tao , Qing Xu , Lei He , Keqiang Li

Many variants of adversarial training have been proposed, with most research focusing on problems with relatively few classes. In this paper, we propose Two Head Adversarial Training (THAT), a two-stream adversarial learning network that is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-26 Zuxuan Wu , Tom Goldstein , Larry S. Davis , Ser-Nam Lim

Two-stage adaptive robust optimization (ARO) is a powerful approach for planning under uncertainty, balancing first-stage decisions with recourse decisions made after uncertainty is realized. To account for uncertainty, modelers typically…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-10 Aron Brenner , Rahman Khorramfar , Jennifer Sun , Saurabh Amin

A learning-to-defer (L2D) system decides, for each input, whether to predict on its own or to hand it to one of several available experts. The very well established recipe trains classifier and router jointly by treating the $K$ classes and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-29 Yannis Montreuil , Axel Carlier , Lai Xing Ng , Wei Tsang Ooi

Learning to defer (L2D) enables human-AI cooperation by deciding when an AI system should act autonomously or defer to a human expert. Existing L2D methods, however, assume static human performance, contradicting well-established findings…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Zheng Zhang , Cuong C. Nguyen , David Rosewarne , Kevin Wells , Gustavo Carneiro

Deploying complex machine learning models on resource-constrained devices is challenging due to limited computational power, memory, and model retrainability. To address these limitations, a hybrid system can be established by augmenting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Yu Wu , Yansong Li , Zeyu Dong , Nitya Sathyavageeswaran , Anand D. Sarwate

Existing Learning-to-Defer (L2D) frameworks are limited to single-expert deferral, forcing each query to rely on only one expert and preventing the use of collective expertise. We introduce the first framework for Top-$k$ Learning-to-Defer,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yannis Montreuil , Axel Carlier , Lai Xing Ng , Wei Tsang Ooi

We introduce the first one-stage Top-$k$ Learning-to-Defer framework, which unifies prediction and deferral by learning a shared score-based model that selects the $k$ most cost-effective entities-labels or experts-per input. While existing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-14 Yannis Montreuil , Axel Carlier , Lai Xing Ng , Wei Tsang Ooi
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