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Real-Time Bidding is a new Internet advertising system that has become very popular in recent years. This system works like a global auction where advertisers bid to display their impressions in the publishers' ad slots. The most popular…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Luis Miralles-Pechuán , Fernando Jiménez , José Manuel García

In online advertising, display ads are increasingly being placed based on real-time auctions where the advertiser who wins gets to serve the ad. This is called real-time bidding (RTB). In RTB, auctions have very tight time constraints on…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-05-14 Bjarne Ørum Fruergaard , Toke Jansen Hansen , Lars Kai Hansen

Significant advancements have occurred in the application of Large Language Models (LLMs) for social simulations. Despite this, their abilities to perform teaming in task-oriented social events are underexplored. Such capabilities are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Yuan Li , Lichao Sun , Yixuan Zhang

The believable simulation of multi-user behavior is crucial for understanding complex social systems. Recently, large language models (LLMs)-based AI agents have made significant progress, enabling them to achieve human-like intelligence…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Yijun Liu , Wu Liu , Xiaoyan Gu , Yong Rui , Xiaodong He , Yongdong Zhang

Large language model (LLM)-based multi-agent systems have emerged as a powerful paradigm for enabling autonomous agents to solve complex tasks. As these systems scale in complexity, cost becomes an important consideration for practical…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Liming Yang , Junyu Luo , Xuanzhe Liu , Yiling Lou , Zhenpeng Chen

Owing to powerful natural language processing and generative capabilities, large language model (LLM) agents have emerged as a promising solution for enhancing recommendation systems via user simulation. However, in the realm of video…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Siran Chen , Boyu Chen , Chenyun Yu , Yuxiao Luo , Ouyang Yi , Lei Cheng , Chengxiang Zhuo , Zang Li , Yali Wang

Bidding strategies that help advertisers determine bidding prices are receiving increasing attention as more and more ad impressions are sold through real-time bidding systems. This paper first describes the problem and challenges of…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Mengjuan Liu , Zhengning Hu , Zhi Lai , Daiwei Zheng , Xuyun Nie

In this paper, we deal with the uncertainty of bidding for display advertising. Similar to the financial market trading, real-time bidding (RTB) based display advertising employs an auction mechanism to automate the impression level media…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-01-23 Haifeng Zhang , Weinan Zhang , Yifei Rong , Kan Ren , Wenxin Li , Jun Wang

Real-time bidding (RTB) plays a pivotal role in online advertising ecosystems. Advertisers employ strategic bidding to optimize their advertising impact while adhering to various financial constraints, such as the return-on-investment (ROI)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Shenghong He , Chao Yu

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit potential artificial generic intelligence recently, however, their usage is costly with high response latency. Given mixed LLMs with their own strengths and weaknesses, LLM routing aims to identify the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Xinyuan Wang , Yanchi Liu , Wei Cheng , Xujiang Zhao , Zhengzhang Chen , Wenchao Yu , Yanjie Fu , Haifeng Chen

Simulating consumer decision-making is vital for designing and evaluating marketing strategies before costly real-world deployment. However, post-event analyses and rule-based agent-based models (ABMs) struggle to capture the complexity of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Man-Lin Chu , Lucian Terhorst , Kadin Reed , Tom Ni , Weiwei Chen , Rongyu Lin

The optimization of bidding strategies for online advertising slot auctions presents a critical challenge across numerous digital marketplaces. A significant obstacle to the development, evaluation, and refinement of real-time autobidding…

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have enabled understanding webpage contexts, product details, and human instructions. Utilizing LLMs as the foundational architecture for either reward models or policies in reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Shuang Feng , Grace Feng

Many online applications running on live traffic are powered by machine learning models, for which training, validation, and hyper-parameter tuning are conducted on historical data. However, it is common for models demonstrating strong…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-27 Jiayi Xie , Michael Tashman , John Hoffman , Lee Winikor , Rouzbeh Gerami

A burgeoning area within reinforcement learning (RL) is the design of sequential decision-making agents centered around large language models (LLMs). While autonomous decision-making agents powered by modern LLMs could facilitate numerous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Dilip Arumugam , Thomas L. Griffiths

Predicting a user's next search query from recent interaction behaviors is a critical problem in modern e-commerce systems, particularly in scenarios where user intent evolves rapidly. Large Language Models (LLMs) offer strong semantic…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Bin Zhang , Weipeng Huang , Dimin Wang , Jialin Zhu , Yuning Jiang , Zhaode Wang , Chengfei Lv , Jian Wang , Qichao Ma , Li Chen , Junqing Wu , Yipeng Yu

This paper proposes a diffusion-based auto-bidding framework that leverages graph representations to model large-scale auction environments. In such settings, agents must dynamically optimize bidding strategies under constraints defined by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Dom Huh , Prasant Mohapatra

Real-time bidding (RTB) has become one of the largest online advertising markets in the world. Today the bid price per ad impression is typically decided by the expected value of how it can lead to a desired action event (e.g., registering…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-02-16 Jian Xu , Xuhui Shao , Jianjie Ma , Kuang-chih Lee , Hang Qi , Quan Lu

We present LADDER, the first deep reinforcement learning agent that can successfully learn control policies for large-scale real-world problems directly from raw inputs composed of high-level semantic information. The agent is based on an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-09-04 Yu Wang , Jiayi Liu , Yuxiang Liu , Jun Hao , Yang He , Jinghe Hu , Weipeng P. Yan , Mantian Li

Efficient and fair spectrum allocation is a central challenge in 6G networks, where massive connectivity and heterogeneous services continuously compete for limited radio resources. We investigate the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) as…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Ismail Lotfi , Ali Ghrayeb