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Evaluating the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs) is challenging. Existing benchmarks often depend on static datasets, which are vulnerable to data contamination and may get saturated over time, or on binary live human…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Lanxiang Hu , Qiyu Li , Anze Xie , Nan Jiang , Ion Stoica , Haojian Jin , Hao Zhang

While large language models (LLMs) have become the de facto framework for literature-related tasks, they still struggle to function as domain-specific literature agents due to their inability to connect pieces of knowledge and reason across…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Andreas Varvarigos , Ali Maatouk , Jiasheng Zhang , Ngoc Bui , Jialin Chen , Leandros Tassiulas , Rex Ying

Large Language Models (LLMs)-based agents have made impressive progress in reasoning and tool use, enabling them to solve complex tasks. However, their ability to proactively collaborate with users, especially when goals are vague,…

Interactive Fiction games (IF games) are where players interact through natural language commands. While recent advances in Artificial Intelligence agents have reignited interest in IF games as a domain for studying decision-making,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Jinming Zhang , Yunfei Long

Large language models (LLMs) have advanced the development of various AI conversational agents, including role-playing conversational agents that mimic diverse characters and human behaviors. While prior research has predominantly focused…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Hongzhan Chen , Hehong Chen , Ming Yan , Wenshen Xu , Xing Gao , Weizhou Shen , Xiaojun Quan , Chenliang Li , Ji Zhang , Fei Huang , Jingren Zhou

Large Language Models (LLMs) have proven their worth across a diverse spectrum of disciplines. LLMs have shown great potential in Procedural Content Generation (PCG) as well, but directly generating a level through a pre-trained LLM is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Muhammad U. Nasir , Steven James , Julian Togelius

Ideal or real - that is the question.In this work, we explore whether principles from game theory can be effectively applied to the evaluation of large language models (LLMs). This inquiry is motivated by the growing inadequacy of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Gao Yang , Yuhang Liu , Siyu Miao , Xinyue Liang , Zhengyang Liu , Heyan Huang

Robustly evaluating the long-form storytelling capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) remains a significant challenge, as existing benchmarks often lack the necessary scale, diversity, or objective measures. To address this, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Leon Lin , Jun Zheng , Haidong Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are transforming diverse fields and gaining increasing influence as human proxies. This development underscores the urgent need for evaluating value orientations and understanding of LLMs to ensure their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Yuanyi Ren , Haoran Ye , Hanjun Fang , Xin Zhang , Guojie Song

The evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) into autonomous agents necessitates the management of extensive, dynamic contexts. Current benchmarks, however, remain largely static, relying on passive retrieval tasks that fail to simulate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Shicheng Fang , Yuxin Wang , Xiaoran Liu , Jiahao Lu , Chuanyuan Tan , Xinchi Chen , Yining Zheng , Xuanjing Huang , Xipeng Qiu

Evaluating the performance of LLMs in multi-turn human-agent interactions presents significant challenges, particularly due to the complexity and variability of user behavior. In this paper, we introduce HammerBench, a novel benchmark…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Jun Wang , Jiamu Zhou , Muning Wen , Xiaoyun Mo , Haoyu Zhang , Qiqiang Lin , Cheng Jin , Xihuai Wang , Weinan Zhang , Qiuying Peng , Jun Wang

Creativity is a fundamental aspect of intelligence, involving the ability to generate novel and appropriate solutions across diverse contexts. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have been extensively evaluated for their creative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Xinyu Fang , Zhijian Chen , Kai Lan , Lixin Ma , Shengyuan Ding , Yingji Liang , Xiangyu Zhao , Farong Wen , Zicheng Zhang , Guofeng Zhang , Haodong Duan , Kai Chen , Dahua Lin

Large Language Models (LLMs) are powerful tools, capable of leveraging their training on natural language to write stories, generate code, and answer questions. But can they generate functional video game levels? Game levels, with their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Graham Todd , Sam Earle , Muhammad Umair Nasir , Michael Cerny Green , Julian Togelius

In the evolutionary computing community, the remarkable language-handling capabilities and reasoning power of large language models (LLMs) have significantly enhanced the functionality of evolutionary algorithms (EAs), enabling them to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Jiao Liu , Zhu Sun , Shanshan Feng , Caishun Chen , Yew-Soon Ong

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable proficiency in generating highly structured texts. However, while exhibiting a high degree of structural organization, movie scripts demand an additional layer of nuanced…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Mingzhe Zheng , Dingjie Song , Guanyu Zhou , Jun You , Jiahao Zhan , Xuran Ma , Xinyuan Song , Ser-Nam Lim , Qifeng Chen , Harry Yang

A wide range of real-world applications is characterized by their symbolic nature, necessitating a strong capability for symbolic reasoning. This paper investigates the potential application of Large Language Models (LLMs) as symbolic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Meng Fang , Shilong Deng , Yudi Zhang , Zijing Shi , Ling Chen , Mykola Pechenizkiy , Jun Wang

As large language models (LLMs) evolve into sophisticated autonomous agents capable of complex software development tasks, evaluating their real-world capabilities becomes critical. While existing benchmarks like…

The rapid advancement of LLMs sparked significant interest in their potential to augment or automate managerial functions. One of the most recent trends in AI benchmarking is performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) over longer time…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Berdymyrat Ovezmyradov

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in decision-making and reasoning, particularly when integrated with various tools to effectively solve complex problems. However, existing benchmarks for evaluating LLMs'…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in interactive environments requiring strategic decision-making, yet systematic evaluation of these capabilities remains challenging. Existing benchmarks for LLMs primarily assess…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Lingfeng Li , Yunlong Lu , Yuefei Zhang , Jingyu Yao , Yixin Zhu , KeYuan Cheng , Yongyi Wang , Qirui Zheng , Xionghui Yang , Wenxin Li
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