English

BotzoneBench: Scalable LLM Evaluation via Graded AI Anchors

Artificial Intelligence 2026-02-17 v1

Abstract

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in interactive environments requiring strategic decision-making, yet systematic evaluation of these capabilities remains challenging. Existing benchmarks for LLMs primarily assess static reasoning through isolated tasks and fail to capture dynamic strategic abilities. Recent game-based evaluations employ LLM-vs-LLM tournaments that produce relative rankings dependent on transient model pools, incurring quadratic computational costs and lacking stable performance anchors for longitudinal tracking. The central challenge is establishing a scalable evaluation framework that measures LLM strategic reasoning against consistent, interpretable standards rather than volatile peer models. Here we show that anchoring LLM evaluation to fixed hierarchies of skill-calibrated game Artificial Intelligence (AI) enables linear-time absolute skill measurement with stable cross-temporal interpretability. Built on the Botzone platform's established competitive infrastructure, our BotzoneBench evaluates LLMs across eight diverse games spanning deterministic perfect-information board games to stochastic imperfect-information card games. Through systematic assessment of 177,047 state-action pairs from five flagship models, we reveal significant performance disparities and identify distinct strategic behaviors, with top-performing models achieving proficiency comparable to mid-to-high-tier specialized game AI in multiple domains. This anchored evaluation paradigm generalizes beyond games to any domain with well-defined skill hierarchies, establishing a scalable and reusable framework for assessing interactive AI capabilities.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2602.13214,
  title  = {BotzoneBench: Scalable LLM Evaluation via Graded AI Anchors},
  author = {Lingfeng Li and Yunlong Lu and Yuefei Zhang and Jingyu Yao and Yixin Zhu and KeYuan Cheng and Yongyi Wang and Qirui Zheng and Xionghui Yang and Wenxin Li},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2602.13214},
  year   = {2026}
}
R2 v1 2026-07-01T10:35:47.180Z