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Network traffic classification is a core primitive for network security and management, yet it is increasingly challenged by pervasive encryption and evolving protocols. A central bottleneck is representation: hand-crafted flow statistics…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Zhaochen Guo , Tianyufei Zhou , Honghao Wang , Ronghua Li , Shinan Liu

How can we solve semi-supervised node classification in various graphs possibly with noisy features and structures? Graph neural networks (GNNs) have succeeded in many graph mining tasks, but their generalizability to various graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-19 Jaemin Yoo , Meng-Chieh Lee , Shubhranshu Shekhar , Christos Faloutsos

With more encrypted network traffic gets involved in the Internet, how to effectively identify network traffic has become a top priority in the field. Accurate identification of the network traffic is the footstone of basic network…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-08-28 Yi Zeng , Zihao Qi , Wencheng Chen , Yanzhe Huang , Xingxin Zheng , Han Qiu

Traffic classification has various applications in today's Internet, from resource allocation, billing and QoS purposes in ISPs to firewall and malware detection in clients. Classical machine learning algorithms and deep learning models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-25 Shahbaz Rezaei , Xin Liu

Computing-In-Memory (CIM) offers a potential solution to the memory wall issue and can achieve high energy efficiency by minimizing data movement, making it a promising architecture for edge AI devices. Lightweight models like MobileNet and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Choongseok Song , Doo Seok Jeong

With the continuous development of network environments and technologies, ensuring cyber security and governance is increasingly challenging. Network traffic classification(ETC) can analyzes attributes such as application categories and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Tian Qin , Guang Cheng , Zihan Chen , Yuyang Zhou

Modern networks carry increasingly diverse and encrypted traffic types that demand classification techniques beyond traditional port-based and payload-based methods. This tutorial provides a practical, end-to-end guide to building…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Adrian Pekar , Richard Plny , Karel Hynek

Network Traffic Classification (NTC) has become an important feature in various network management operations, e.g., Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning and security services. Machine Learning (ML) algorithms as a popular approach for NTC…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Amin Shahraki , Mahmoud Abbasi , Amir Taherkordi , Anca Delia Jurcut

Machine learning (ML) is promising in accurately detecting malicious flows in encrypted network traffic; however, it is challenging to collect a training dataset that contains a sufficient amount of encrypted malicious data with correct…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Yuqi Qing , Qilei Yin , Xinhao Deng , Yihao Chen , Zhuotao Liu , Kun Sun , Ke Xu , Jia Zhang , Qi Li

In recent years, text classification methods based on neural networks and pre-trained models have gained increasing attention and demonstrated excellent performance. However, these methods still have some limitations in practical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Yanxu Mao , Peipei Liu , Tiehan Cui , Congying Liu , Datao You

Mobile devices such as smartphones, laptops, and tablets can often connect to multiple access networks (e.g., Wi-Fi, LTE, and 5G) simultaneously. Recent advancements facilitate seamless integration of these connections below the transport…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Momin Haider , Ming Yin , Menglei Zhang , Arpit Gupta , Jing Zhu , Yu-Xiang Wang

Vision-language models (VLMs) extend the conventional large language models by integrating visual data, enabling richer multimodal reasoning and significantly broadens the practical applications of AI. However, including visual inputs also…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Daulet Toibazar , Kesen Wang , Sherif Mohamed , Abdulaziz Al-Badawi , Abdulrahman Alfulayt , Pedro J. Moreno

One of the most important tasks in network management is identifying different types of traffic flows. As a result, a type of management service, called Network Traffic Classifier (NTC), has been introduced. One type of NTCs that has gained…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-01-03 Ramin Hasibi , Matin Shokri , Mehdi Dehghan

Understanding the traffic dynamics in networks is a core capability for automated systems to monitor and analyze networking behaviors, reducing expensive human efforts and economic risks through tasks such as traffic classification,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Jiawei Zhou , Woojeong Kim , Zhiying Xu , Alexander M. Rush , Minlan Yu

Internet traffic classification plays a key role in network visibility, Quality of Services (QoS), intrusion detection, Quality of Experience (QoE) and traffic-trend analyses. In order to improve privacy, integrity, confidentiality, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Ofek Bader , Adi Lichy , Amit Dvir , Ran Dubin , Chen Hajaj

The substantial growth of network traffic speed and volume presents practical challenges to network data analysis. Packet thinning and flow aggregation protocols such as NetFlow reduce the size of datasets by providing structured data…

Applications · Statistics 2020-09-01 Prosha A. Rahman , Boris Beranger , Matthew Roughan , Scott A. Sisson

Traffic classification plays a significant role in network service management. The advancement of deep learning has established pretrained models as a robust approach for this task. However, contemporary encrypted traffic classification…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Ziyue Huang , Chungang Lin , Weiyao Zhang , Xuying Meng , Yujun Zhang

Monitoring network traffic to identify content, services, and applications is an active research topic in network traffic control systems. While modern firewalls provide the capability to decrypt packets, this is not appealing for privacy…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-06-25 Niloofar Bayat , Weston Jackson , Derrick Liu

Tor is a widely used anonymity network that conceals user identities by routing traffic through encrypted relays, yet it remains vulnerable to traffic correlation attacks that deanonymize users by matching patterns in ingress and egress…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Binghui Wu , Dinil Mon Divakaran , Levente Csikor , Mohan Gurusamy

Network traffic includes data transmitted across a network, such as web browsing and file transfers, and is organized into packets (small units of data) and flows (sequences of packets exchanged between two endpoints). Classifying encrypted…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Xu-Yang Chen , Lu Han , De-Chuan Zhan , Han-Jia Ye