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We introduce Backtrackable Inprocessing (BI), a framework that enables applying inprocessing under the current trail at any decision level, at any point during incremental SAT solving. Our approach lifts the long-standing restriction that…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Alexander Nadel

We approach the problem of computing a $D_{3}$-synchronizing word of minimum length for a given nondeterministic automaton via its encoding as an instance of SAT and invoking a SAT solver. We also present some experimental results.

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-01-17 Hanan Shabana , Mikhail V. Volkov

Propositional satisfiability (SAT) is at the nucleus of state-of-the-art approaches to a variety of computationally hard problems, one of which is cryptanalysis. Moreover, a number of practical applications of SAT can only be tackled…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-03-14 Alexander Semenov , Oleg Zaikin , Ilya Otpuschennikov , Stepan Kochemazov , Alexey Ignatiev

Satisfiability problem (SAT) is a cornerstone of computational complexity with broad industrial applications, and it remains challenging to optimize modern SAT solvers in real-world settings due to their intricate architectures. While…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Yiwen Sun , Furong Ye , Zhihan Chen , Ke Wei , Shaowei Cai

We describe a SAT solver using both the GPU (CUDA) and the CPU with a new clause exchange strategy. The CPU runs a classic multithreaded CDCL SAT solver. EachCPU thread exports all the clauses it learns to the GPU. The GPU makes a heavy…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-08 Nicolas Prevot

Modern SAT solvers routinely operate at scales that make it impractical to query a neural network for every branching decision. NeuroCore, proposed by Selsam and Bjorner, offered a proof-of-concept that neural networks can still accelerate…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Jesse Michael Han

Most recent MaxSAT algorithms rely on a succession of calls to a SAT solver in order to find an optimal solution. In particular, several algorithms take advantage of the ability of SAT solvers to identify unsatisfiable subformulas. Usually,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-05-12 Miguel Neves , Ruben Martins , Mikoláš Janota , Inês Lynce , Vasco Manquinho

State-of-the-art SAT solvers are nowadays able to handle huge real-world instances. The key to this success is the so-called Conflict-Driven Clause-Learning (CDCL) scheme, which encompasses a number of techniques that exploit the conflicts…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Robert Nieuwenhuis , Albert Oliveras , Enric Rodriguez-Carbonell

Many state-of-the-art Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) solvers for the theory of fixed-size bit-vectors employ an approach called bit-blasting, where a given formula is translated into a Boolean satisfiability (SAT) problem and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-07-04 Alex Ozdemir , Aina Niemetz , Mathias Preiner , Yoni Zohar , Clark Barrett

Optimization problems such as the NP-complete 3-SAT provide an important benchmark for the difficult task of finding ground-states in strongly correlated many-body systems with rugged energy landscapes. The study of random 3-SAT problems as…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-05-21 J. Schwardt , J. C. Budich

Integrating logical reasoning within deep learning architectures has been a major goal of modern AI systems. In this paper, we propose a new direction toward this goal by introducing a differentiable (smoothed) maximum satisfiability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-30 Po-Wei Wang , Priya L. Donti , Bryan Wilder , Zico Kolter

Over the last few decades, many distinct lines of research aimed at automating mathematics have been developed, including computer algebra systems (CASs) for mathematical modelling, automated theorem provers for first-order logic, SAT/SMT…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-09-18 Curtis Bright , Ilias Kotsireas , Vijay Ganesh

Recoverable robust optimization is a popular multi-stage approach, in which it is possible to adjust a first-stage solution after the uncertain cost scenario is revealed. We consider recoverable robust optimization in combination with…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Christoph Grüne , Lasse Wulf

Boolean Satisfiability (SAT) solving underpins a wide range of applications in Electronic Design Automation (EDA), particularly formal verification. However, this paper observes that the mainstream clause reduction heuristic in modern SAT…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Yalun Cai , Xindi Zhang , Zhengyuan Shi , Mengxia Tao , Qiang Xu

1-in-3 SAT is an NP-complete variant of 3-SAT\ where a "clause" is satisfied iff exactly one of its three literal is satisfied. We present here an exact algorithm solving \oit\ in time $O^*(1.260^n)$.

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2013-07-30 Édouard Bonnet , Vangelis Th. Paschos

Although state-of-the-art (SOTA) SAT solvers based on conflict-driven clause learning (CDCL) have achieved remarkable engineering success, their sequential nature limits the parallelism that may be extracted for acceleration on platforms…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Yunuo Cen , Zhiwei Zhang , Xuanyao Fong

In this work, we present a novel technique for GPU-accelerated Boolean satisfiability (SAT) sampling. Unlike conventional sampling algorithms that directly operate on conjunctive normal form (CNF), our method transforms the logical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Arash Ardakani , Minwoo Kang , Kevin He , Qijing Huang , John Wawrzynek

IC3, a well-known model checker, proves a property of a transition system by building a sequence of formulas $F_0,\dots,F_k$. Formula $F_i$, $0 \leq i \leq k$ over-approximates the set of states reachable in at most $i$ transitions. The…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-10-19 Eugene Goldberg

Efficient solutions to NP-complete problems would significantly benefit both science and industry. However, such problems are intractable on digital computers based on the von Neumann architecture, thus creating the need for alternative…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2018-02-13 Xunzhao Yin , Behnam Sedighi , Melinda Varga , Maria Ercsey-Ravasz , Zoltan Toroczkai , Xiaobo Sharon Hu

The Boolean Satisfiability (SAT) problem is the canonical NP-complete problem and is fundamental to computer science, with a wide array of applications in planning, verification, and theorem proving. Developing and evaluating practical SAT…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-31 Jiaxuan You , Haoze Wu , Clark Barrett , Raghuram Ramanujan , Jure Leskovec