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Many evaluation metrics can be used to assess the performance of models in binary classification tasks. However, most of them are derived from a confusion matrix in a non-differentiable form, making it very difficult to generate a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Doheon Han , Nuno Moniz , Nitesh V Chawla

We provide a unifying view of statistical information measures, multi-way Bayesian hypothesis testing, loss functions for multi-class classification problems, and multi-distribution $f$-divergences, elaborating equivalence results between…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-09-12 John C. Duchi , Khashayar Khosravi , Feng Ruan

The LogSumExp function, dual to the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence, plays a central role in many important optimization problems, including entropy-regularized optimal transport (OT) and distributionally robust optimization (DRO). In…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-04 Egor Gladin , Alexey Kroshnin , Jia-Jie Zhu , Pavel Dvurechensky

We introduce a temperature into the exponential function and replace the softmax output layer of neural nets by a high temperature generalization. Similarly, the logarithm in the log loss we use for training is replaced by a low temperature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-24 Ehsan Amid , Manfred K. Warmuth , Rohan Anil , Tomer Koren

In this paper, we provide analytic expressions for the first-order loss function, the complementary loss function and the second-order loss function for several probability distributions. These loss functions are important functions in…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-02-11 Steven R. Pauly

In deep neural network, the cross-entropy loss function is commonly used for classification. Minimizing cross-entropy is equivalent to maximizing likelihood under assumptions of uniform feature and class distributions. It belongs to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-01 Donglai Zhu , Hengshuai Yao , Bei Jiang , Peng Yu

Cross-entropy loss together with softmax is arguably one of the most common used supervision components in convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Despite its simplicity, popularity and excellent performance, the component does not explicitly…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-11-21 Weiyang Liu , Yandong Wen , Zhiding Yu , Meng Yang

Most of the non-asymptotic theoretical work in regression is carried out for the square loss, where estimators can be obtained through closed-form expressions. In this paper, we use and extend tools from the convex optimization literature,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2009-10-27 Francis Bach

The choice of loss function in classification involves a fundamental trade-off: smooth losses (like Cross-Entropy) enable fast optimization rates but yield slow square-root consistency bounds, while piecewise-linear losses (like Hinge)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Mehryar Mohri , Yutao Zhong

This paper analyzes and compares different deep learning loss functions in the framework of multi-label remote sensing (RS) image scene classification problems. We consider seven loss functions: 1) cross-entropy loss; 2) focal loss; 3)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Hichame Yessou , Gencer Sumbul , Begüm Demir

Deep neural networks are currently among the most commonly used classifiers. Despite easily achieving very good performance, one of the best selling points of these models is their modular design - one can conveniently adapt their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-02-21 Katarzyna Janocha , Wojciech Marian Czarnecki

The $F_\beta$ score is a commonly used measure of classification performance, which plays crucial roles in classification tasks with imbalanced data sets. However, the $F_\beta$ score cannot be used as a loss function by gradient-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Namgil Lee , Heejung Yang , Hojin Yoo

The standard loss functions used in the literature on probabilistic prediction are the log loss function, the Brier loss function, and the spherical loss function; however, any computable proper loss function can be used for comparison of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-06-30 Vladimir Vovk

We consider neural network training, in applications in which there are many possible classes, but at test-time, the task is a binary classification task of determining whether the given example belongs to a specific class, where the class…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-09-18 Gil Keren , Sivan Sabato , Björn Schuller

The focal-loss has become a widely used alternative to cross-entropy in class-imbalanced classification problems, particularly in computer vision. Despite its empirical success, a systematic information-theoretic study of the focal-loss…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Jaimin Shah , Martina Cardone , Alex Dytso

We introduce a new loss function TripleEntropy, to improve classification performance for fine-tuning general knowledge pre-trained language models based on cross-entropy and SoftTriple loss. This loss function can improve the robust…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Witold Sosnowski , Anna Wroblewska , Piotr Gawrysiak

Cross-entropy loss is the standard metric used to train classification models in deep learning and gradient boosting. It is well-known that this loss function fails to account for similarities between the different values of the target. We…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-16 Brian Lucena

Loss functions drive the optimization of machine learning algorithms. The choice of a loss function can have a significant impact on the training of a model, and how the model learns the data. Binary classification is one of the major…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Rayan Wali

The total loss function associated with a set of cross-sectional predictions, that is, estimates or forecasts, summarizes the set's overall accuracy. Its arguments are the individual cross-sectional units' loss functions. Under general…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-22 Charles D. Coleman

We develop a variant of multiclass logistic regression that is significantly more robust to noise. The algorithm has one weight vector per class and the surrogate loss is a function of the linear activations (one per class). The surrogate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-06 Ehsan Amid , Manfred K. Warmuth , Sriram Srinivasan