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It is well-known that combinatorial circuits are modeled mathematically by string diagrams in a monoidal category. Given a gate set $\Sigma$, the circuits over $\Sigma$ can be thought of as string diagrams in the free monoidal category…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-23 Scott Wesley

String diagrams provide a convenient graphical framework which may be used for equational reasoning about morphisms of monoidal categories. However, unlike term rewriting, rewriting string diagrams results in shorter equational proofs,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-05-23 Vladimir Nikolaev Zamdzhiev

A popular graphical calculus for monoidal categories makes computations tactile and intuitive. Complicated diagram chases can be expressed in a few pictures and discovered by playing with a shoelace. Joyal and Street's proof of the…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2018-03-05 David Jaz Myers

In this dissertation we develop a new formal graphical framework for causal reasoning. Starting with a review of monoidal categories and their associated graphical languages, we then revisit probability theory from a categorical perspective…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-01-29 Brendan Fong

We introduce collages of string diagrams as a diagrammatic syntax for glueing multiple monoidal categories. Collages of string diagrams are interpreted as pointed bimodular profunctors. As the main examples of this technique, we introduce…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2023-12-15 Dylan Braithwaite , Mario Román

Imprecise probability is concerned with uncertainty about which probability distributions to use. It has applications in robust statistics and machine learning. We look at programming language models for imprecise probability. Our…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Jack Liell-Cock , Sam Staton

Tape diagrams provide a graphical notation for categories equipped with two monoidal products, $\otimes$ and $\oplus$, where $\oplus$ is a biproduct. Recently, they have been generalised to handle Kleisli categories of arbitrary monoidal…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Filippo Bonchi , Cipriano Junior Cioffo

Premonoidal categories are monoidal categories without the interchange law while effectful categories are premonoidal categories with a chosen monoidal subcategory of interchanging morphisms. In the same sense that string diagrams,…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2025-05-07 Mario Román , Paweł Sobociński

Calculi of string diagrams are increasingly used to present the syntax and algebraic structure of various families of circuits, including signal flow graphs, electrical circuits and quantum processes. In many such approaches, the semantic…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Brendan Fong , Fabio Zanasi

String diagrams can nicely express numerous computations in symmetric strict monoidal categories (SSMC). To be entirely exact, this is only true for props: the SSMCs whose monoid of objects are free. In this paper, we show a propification…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2022-05-17 Titouan Carette

The aim of this thesis is to present an extension to the string graphs of Dixon, Duncan and Kissinger that allows the finite representation of certain infinite families of graphs and graph rewrite rules, and to demonstrate that a logic can…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-04-01 Alexander Merry

In this paper we give an expository account of quasistrict symmetric monoidal 2-categories, as introduced by Schommer-Pries. We reformulate the definition using a graphical calculus called wire diagrams, which facilitates computations and…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2014-09-09 Bruce Bartlett

The framework of causal models provides a principled approach to causal reasoning, applied today across many scientific domains. Here we present this framework in the language of string diagrams, interpreted formally using category theory.…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Robin Lorenz , Sean Tull

A new class of integrable mappings and chains is introduced. Corresponding $(1+2)$ integrable systems invariant with respect to such discrete transformations are presented in an explicit form. Their soliton-type solutions are constructed in…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. N. Leznov

Applied category theory provides powerful mathematical tools for modelling processes and their composition. Symmetric monoidal categories, which involve series and parallel composition, are particularly well-suited for describing the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-13 Muhammad Hamza Waseem

Categorical probability has recently seen significant advances through the formalism of Markov categories, within which several classical theorems have been proven in entirely abstract categorical terms. Closely related to Markov categories…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2023-04-11 Tobias Fritz , Wendong Liang

This article develops a practical technique for studying representations of $\Bbbk$-linear categories arising in the categorification of quantum groups. We work in terms of locally unital algebras which are $\mathbb{Z}$-graded with graded…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2025-08-05 Jonathan Brundan

Properties of morphisms represented by so-called 'string diagrams' of monoidal categories (and their braided and symmetric derivatives), mainly their resistance in value to isotopic deformation, have made the usage of graphical calculi…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2023-04-10 Vihaan Dheer

Effectful categories have two classes of morphisms: pure morphisms, which form a monoidal category; and effectful morphisms, which can only be combined monoidally with central morphisms (such as the pure ones), forming a premonoidal…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Matthew Earnshaw , Chad Nester , Mario Román

In this paper we introduce a strict monoidal subcategory of the category of matrices, suitable to address a higher representation theoretic analogue of radicals (non-semisimplicity) in ordinary representation theory. We show the extent to…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2026-01-27 Paul P Martin , Sarah Almateari , Eric C Rowell