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Related papers: Reducing Aleatoric and Epistemic Uncertainty throu…

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This position paper reflects on the state-of-the-art in decision-making under uncertainty. A classical assumption is that probabilities can sufficiently capture all uncertainty in a system. In this paper, the focus is on the uncertainty…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-13 Thom Badings , Thiago D. Simão , Marnix Suilen , Nils Jansen

Real-time decoding of target variables from multiple simultaneously recorded neural time-series modalities, such as discrete spiking activity and continuous field potentials, is important across various neuroscience applications. However, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Eray Erturk , Maryam M. Shanechi

We introduce a novel framework for AI-generated image detection through epistemic uncertainty, aiming to address critical security concerns in the era of generative models. Our key insight stems from the observation that distributional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Jun Nie , Yonggang Zhang , Tongliang Liu , Yiu-ming Cheung , Bo Han , Xinmei Tian

Obtaining high certainty in predictive models is crucial for making informed and trustworthy decisions in many scientific and engineering domains. However, extensive experimentation required for model accuracy can be both costly and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Giorgio Morales , John Sheppard

Modern data analytics take advantage of ensemble learning and transfer learning approaches to tackle some of the most relevant issues in data analysis, such as lack of labeled data to use to train the analysis models, sparsity of the…

Image reconstruction methods based on deep neural networks have shown outstanding performance, equalling or exceeding the state-of-the-art results of conventional approaches, but often do not provide uncertainty information about the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Riccardo Barbano , Željko Kereta , Chen Zhang , Andreas Hauptmann , Simon Arridge , Bangti Jin

When collaborating with an AI system, we need to assess when to trust its recommendations. If we mistakenly trust it in regions where it is likely to err, catastrophic failures may occur, hence the need for Bayesian approaches for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Federico Cerutti , Lance M. Kaplan , Angelika Kimmig , Murat Sensoy

Effectively leveraging multimodal data such as various images, laboratory tests and clinical information is gaining traction in a variety of AI-based medical diagnosis and prognosis tasks. Most existing multi-modal techniques only focus on…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-28 Yingying Fang , Shuang Wu , Sheng Zhang , Chaoyan Huang , Tieyong Zeng , Xiaodan Xing , Simon Walsh , Guang Yang

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques, such as SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), have become essential tools for interpreting complex ensemble tree-based models, especially in high-stakes domains such as healthcare…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Akshat Dubey , Aleksandar Anžel , Bahar İlgen , Georges Hattab

The notion of uncertainty is of major importance in machine learning and constitutes a key element of machine learning methodology. In line with the statistical tradition, uncertainty has long been perceived as almost synonymous with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-24 Eyke Hüllermeier , Willem Waegeman

We introduce a challenging decision-making task that we call active acquisition for multimodal temporal data (A2MT). In many real-world scenarios, input features are not readily available at test time and must instead be acquired at…

We present a new multimodal question answering challenge, ManyModalQA, in which an agent must answer a question by considering three distinct modalities: text, images, and tables. We collect our data by scraping Wikipedia and then utilize…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-23 Darryl Hannan , Akshay Jain , Mohit Bansal

Multi-modal learning focuses on training models by equally combining multiple input data modalities during the prediction process. However, this equal combination can be detrimental to the prediction accuracy because different modalities…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-25 Hu Wang , Jianpeng Zhang , Yuanhong Chen , Congbo Ma , Jodie Avery , Louise Hull , Gustavo Carneiro

Multimodal learning systems often face substantial uncertainty due to noisy data, low-quality labels, and heterogeneous modality characteristics. These issues become especially critical in human-computer interaction settings, where data…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Hyo-Jeong Jang

Combining complementary information from multiple modalities is intuitively appealing for improving the performance of learning-based approaches. However, it is challenging to fully leverage different modalities due to practical challenges…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-05-31 Kuan Liu , Yanen Li , Ning Xu , Prem Natarajan

Truly intelligent systems are expected to make critical decisions with incomplete and uncertain data. Active feature acquisition (AFA), where features are sequentially acquired to improve the prediction, is a step towards this goal.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-12 Yang Li , Siyuan Shan , Qin Liu , Junier B. Oliva

Traditional multimodal methods often assume static modality quality, which limits their adaptability in dynamic real-world scenarios. Thus, dynamical multimodal methods are proposed to assess modality quality and adjust their contribution…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Shicai Wei , Kaijie Zhang , Luyi Chen , Tao He , Guiduo Duan

Trustworthy ML systems should not only return accurate predictions, but also a reliable representation of their uncertainty. Bayesian methods are commonly used to quantify both aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty, but alternative…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Mira Jürgens , Nis Meinert , Viktor Bengs , Eyke Hüllermeier , Willem Waegeman

Uncertainty quantification plays an important role in achieving trustworthy and reliable learning-based computational imaging. Recent advances in generative modeling and Bayesian neural networks have enabled the development of…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-07 Canberk Ekmekci , Mujdat Cetin

A popular strategy for active learning is to specifically target a reduction in epistemic uncertainty, since aleatoric uncertainty is often considered as being intrinsic to the system of interest and therefore not reducible. Yet,…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-12-12 Jake Thomas , Jeremie Houssineau