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Neural attention, especially the self-attention made popular by the Transformer, has become the workhorse of state-of-the-art natural language processing (NLP) models. Very recent work suggests that the self-attention in the Transformer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-16 Zhengxuan Wu , Thanh-Son Nguyen , Desmond C. Ong

Neural sequence-to-sequence networks with attention have achieved remarkable performance for machine translation. One of the reasons for their effectiveness is their ability to capture relevant source-side contextual information at each…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-02 Lesly Miculicich Werlen , Nikolaos Pappas , Dhananjay Ram , Andrei Popescu-Belis

Internal representations within deep neural architectures encode high-dimensional abstractions of linguistic structures, yet they often exhibit inefficiencies in feature distribution, limiting expressiveness and adaptability. Contextual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Alistair Wren , Beatrice Loxley , Hamish Cadwallader , Simon Beckwith , Fabian Pargeter , James Blades

Encoder-decoder networks with attention have proven to be a powerful way to solve many sequence-to-sequence tasks. In these networks, attention aligns encoder and decoder states and is often used for visualizing network behavior. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-29 Kyle Aitken , Vinay V Ramasesh , Yuan Cao , Niru Maheswaranathan

Although self-attention networks (SANs) have advanced the state-of-the-art on various NLP tasks, one criticism of SANs is their ability of encoding positions of input words (Shaw et al., 2018). In this work, we propose to augment SANs with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Xing Wang , Zhaopeng Tu , Longyue Wang , Shuming Shi

Constituting highly informative network embeddings is an important tool for network analysis. It encodes network topology, along with other useful side information, into low-dimensional node-based feature representations that can be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-06 Liqun Chen , Guoyin Wang , Chenyang Tao , Dinghan Shen , Pengyu Cheng , Xinyuan Zhang , Wenlin Wang , Yizhe Zhang , Lawrence Carin

Token prediction stability remains a challenge in autoregressive generative models, where minor variations in early inference steps often lead to significant semantic drift over extended sequences. A structured modulation mechanism was…

This study proposes a text classification algorithm based on large language models, aiming to address the limitations of traditional methods in capturing long-range dependencies, understanding contextual semantics, and handling class…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Ning Lyu , Yuxi Wang , Feng Chen , Qingyuan Zhang

There is a lot of research interest in encoding variable length sentences into fixed length vectors, in a way that preserves the sentence meanings. Two common methods include representations based on averaging word vectors, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-02-10 Yossi Adi , Einat Kermany , Yonatan Belinkov , Ofer Lavi , Yoav Goldberg

While modern Transformer-based language models (LMs) have achieved major success in multi-task generalization, they often struggle to capture long-range dependencies within their context window. This work introduces a novel approach using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Alok N. Shah , Khush Gupta , Keshav Ramji , Pratik Chaudhari

The standard content-based attention mechanism typically used in sequence-to-sequence models is computationally expensive as it requires the comparison of large encoder and decoder states at each time step. In this work, we propose an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-07-04 Denny Britz , Melody Y. Guan , Minh-Thang Luong

Text embeddings from Large Language Models (LLMs) have become foundational for numerous applications. However, these models typically operate on raw text, overlooking the rich structural information, such as hyperlinks or citations, that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Shikun Liu , Haoyu Wang , Mufei Li , Pan Li

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) with attention mechanisms have obtained state-of-the-art results for many sequence processing tasks. Most of these models use a simple form of encoder with attention that looks over the entire sequence and…

We describe an attentive encoder that combines tree-structured recursive neural networks and sequential recurrent neural networks for modelling sentence pairs. Since existing attentive models exert attention on the sequential structure, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-10-11 Yao Zhou , Cong Liu , Yan Pan

We analyze contextual representations in neural autoregressive language models, emphasizing long-range contexts that span several thousand tokens. Our methodology employs a perturbation setup and the metric \emph{Anisotropy-Calibrated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Simeng Sun , Cheng-Ping Hsieh

We propose spoken sentence embeddings which capture both acoustic and linguistic content. While existing works operate at the character, phoneme, or word level, our method learns long-term dependencies by modeling speech at the sentence…

Sound · Computer Science 2019-02-22 Albert Haque , Michelle Guo , Prateek Verma , Li Fei-Fei

Neural audio codecs, used as speech tokenizers, have demonstrated remarkable potential in the field of speech generation. However, to ensure high-fidelity audio reconstruction, neural audio codecs typically encode audio into long sequences…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-02 Wenrui Liu , Qian Chen , Wen Wang , Yafeng Chen , Jin Xu , Zhifang Guo , Guanrou Yang , Weiqin Li , Xiaoda Yang , Tao Jin , Minghui Fang , Jialong Zuo , Bai Jionghao , Zemin Liu

Encoder-decoder models have become an effective approach for sequence learning tasks like machine translation, image captioning and speech recognition, but have yet to show competitive results for handwritten text recognition. To this end,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-07-16 Johannes Michael , Roger Labahn , Tobias Grüning , Jochen Zöllner

Reinforcement-learning-based post-training has become a key approach for improving the reasoning ability of large language models, but its token-level learning signals remain poorly understood. This work studies their heterogeneity through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Gengyang Li , Zheng-Fan Wu , Siqi Bao , Yunfang Wu

Transformer architectures have achieved remarkable success across language, vision, and multimodal tasks, and there is growing demand for them to address in-context compositional learning tasks. In these tasks, models solve the target…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Wei Chen , Jingxi Yu , Zichen Miao , Qiang Qiu