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We present models for embedding words in the context of surrounding words. Such models, which we refer to as token embeddings, represent the characteristics of a word that are specific to a given context, such as word sense, syntactic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-06-13 Lifu Tu , Kevin Gimpel , Karen Livescu

Symbolic perturbations offer a novel approach for influencing neural representations without requiring direct modification of model parameters. The recursive regeneration of symbolic structures introduces structured variations in latent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Kathlyn Eaglewood , Tobias Featherington , Dorian Mayfair , Sylvester Grimshaw , James Pettigrew

Tokenization plays a critical role in language modeling, yet existing approaches such as Byte-Pair Encoding (BPE) or WordPiece operate purely on frequency statistics, ignoring the underlying semantic structure of text. This leads to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Dong Liu , Yanxuan Yu

The Neural Contextual Reinforcement Framework introduces an innovative approach to enhancing the logical coherence and structural consistency of text generated by large language models. Leveraging reinforcement learning principles, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Marcus Irvin , William Cooper , Edward Hughes , Jessica Morgan , Christopher Hamilton

Transformer-based architectures have become the prevailing backbone of large language models. However, the quadratic time and memory complexity of self-attention remains a fundamental obstacle to efficient long-context modeling. To address…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Yutao Sun , Zhenyu Li , Yike Zhang , Tengyu Pan , Bowen Dong , Yuyi Guo , Jianyong Wang

Contextual memory integration remains a high challenge in the development of language models, particularly in tasks that require maintaining coherence over extended sequences. Traditional approaches, such as self-attention mechanisms and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 George Applegarth , Christian Weatherstone , Maximilian Hollingsworth , Henry Middlebrook , Marcus Irvin

We describe a new semantic parsing setting that allows users to query the system using both natural language questions and actions within a graphical user interface. Multiple time series belonging to an entity of interest are stored in a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-02 Charles Chen , Razvan Bunescu

Distantly supervised relation extraction intrinsically suffers from noisy labels due to the strong assumption of distant supervision. Most prior works adopt a selective attention mechanism over sentences in a bag to denoise from wrongly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-28 Yang Li , Guodong Long , Tao Shen , Tianyi Zhou , Lina Yao , Huan Huo , Jing Jiang

The integration of structured hierarchical embeddings into transformer-based architectures introduces a refined approach to lexical representation, ensuring that multi-scale semantic relationships are preserved without compromising…

Encoder transformer models compress information from all tokens in a sequence into a single [CLS] token to represent global context. This approach risks diluting fine-grained or hierarchical features, leading to information loss in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Asif Shahriar , Rifat Shahriyar , M Saifur Rahman

Context-aware compression techniques have gained increasing attention as model sizes continue to grow, introducing computational bottlenecks that hinder efficient deployment. A structured encoding approach was proposed to selectively…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Barnaby Schmitt , Alistair Grosvenor , Matthias Cunningham , Clementine Walsh , Julius Pembrokeshire , Jonathan Teel

We investigate the mechanisms that arise when transformers are trained to solve arithmetic on sequences where tokens are variables whose meaning is determined only through their interactions in-context. While prior work has studied…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Eric Todd , Jannik Brinkmann , Rohit Gandikota , David Bau

This paper proposes a structure-aware decoding method based on large language models to address the difficulty of traditional approaches in maintaining both semantic integrity and structural consistency in nested and overlapping entity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Zhimin Qiu , Di Wu , Feng Liu , Yuxiao Wang

Large language models have shown remarkable performance across a wide range of language tasks, owing to their exceptional capabilities in context modeling. The most commonly used method of context modeling is full self-attention, as seen in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Zhisong Zhang , Yan Wang , Xinting Huang , Tianqing Fang , Hongming Zhang , Chenlong Deng , Shuaiyi Li , Dong Yu

Although large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance, the lack of transparency in their inference logic raises concerns about their trustworthiness. To gain a better understanding of LLMs, we conduct a detailed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Jie Ren , Qipeng Guo , Hang Yan , Dongrui Liu , Quanshi Zhang , Xipeng Qiu , Dahua Lin

Recent advancements in attention mechanisms have replaced recurrent neural networks and its variants for machine translation tasks. Transformer using attention mechanism solely achieved state-of-the-art results in sequence modeling. Neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-02 Prakhar Thapak , Prodip Hore

We propose a principle for exploring context in machine learning models. Starting with a simple assumption that each observation may or may not depend on its context, a conditional probability distribution is decomposed into two parts:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-23 Yun Zeng

Structured embedding transformations offer a promising approach for enhancing the efficiency and coherence of language model inference. The introduction of Structural Embedding Projection (SEP) provides a mechanism for refining token…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Vincent Enoasmo , Cedric Featherstonehaugh , Xavier Konstantinopoulos , Zacharias Huntington

Relation extraction as an important natural Language processing (NLP) task is to identify relations between named entities in text. Recently, graph convolutional networks over dependency trees have been widely used to capture syntactic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Xin Wang , Xinyi Bai

Sequence labeling architectures use word embeddings for capturing similarity, but suffer when handling previously unseen or rare words. We investigate character-level extensions to such models and propose a novel architecture for combining…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-11-15 Marek Rei , Gamal K. O. Crichton , Sampo Pyysalo