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The trend towards autonomous driving and the continuous research in the automotive area, like Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), requires an accurate localization under all circumstances. An accurate estimation of the vehicle state…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-15 Eduardo Sánchez Morales , Michael Botsch , Bertold Huber , Andrés García Higuera

Autonomous vehicles rely on perception systems to understand their surroundings for further navigation missions. Cameras are essential for perception systems due to the advantages of object detection and recognition provided by modern…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-21 You Li , Julien Moreau , Javier Ibanez-Guzman

Lidar is a well known optical technology for measuring a target's range and radial velocity. We describe two lidar systems that use entanglement between transmitted signals and retained idlers to obtain significant quantum enhancements in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-10-25 Quntao Zhuang , Zheshen Zhang , Jeffrey H. Shapiro

Conventionally, human intuition defines vision as a modality of passive optical sensing, relying on ambient light to perceive the environment. However, active optical sensing, which involves emitting and receiving signals, offers unique…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Wei Gao , Jie Zhang , Mingle Zhao , Zhiyuan Zhang , Shu Kong , Maani Ghaffari , Dezhen Song , Cheng-Zhong Xu , Hui Kong

Road grade can impact the energy efficiency, safety, and comfort associated with automated vehicle control systems. Currently, control systems that attempt to compensate for road grade are designed with one of two assumptions. Either the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-13 Logan Schexnaydre , Aman Poovalappil , Darrell Robinette , Jeremy Bos

Optical imaging systems are widely used in the drone industry (optical navigation, terrain scanners), industry (distance measurement, 3D visualization), security (optical scanners and motion sensors), robotics (motion sensors, terrain or…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-08-10 K. Khuseynzada , A. Sadigov , J. Naghiyev , F. Ahmadov , G. Ahmadov

The vehicle's perception sensors radar, lidar and camera, which must work continuously and without restriction, especially with regard to automated/autonomous driving, can lose performance due to unfavourable weather conditions. This paper…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-05-03 Fatih Sezgin , Daniel Vriesman , Dagmar Steinhauser , Robert Lugner , Thomas Brandmeier

Advanced sensors are a key to enable self-driving cars technology. Laser scanner sensors (LiDAR, Light Detection And Ranging) became a fundamental choice due to its long-range and robustness to low light driving conditions. The problem of…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-07-19 Khaled Elmadawi , Moemen Abdelrazek , Mohamed Elsobky , Hesham M. Eraqi , Mohamed Zahran

Perception technologies in Autonomous Driving are experiencing their golden age due to the advances in Deep Learning. Yet, most of these systems rely on the semantically rich information of RGB images. Deep Learning solutions applied to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-08-31 Victor Vaquero , Alberto Sanfeliu , Francesc Moreno-Noguer

LiDAR has become a standard sensor for autonomous driving applications as they provide highly precise 3D point clouds. LiDAR is also robust for low-light scenarios at night-time or due to shadows where the performance of cameras is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-07-18 Khaled El Madawy , Hazem Rashed , Ahmad El Sallab , Omar Nasr , Hanan Kamel , Senthil Yogamani

LiDAR segmentation is crucial for autonomous driving perception. Recent trends favor point- or voxel-based methods as they often yield better performance than the traditional range view representation. In this work, we unveil several key…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Lingdong Kong , Youquan Liu , Runnan Chen , Yuexin Ma , Xinge Zhu , Yikang Li , Yuenan Hou , Yu Qiao , Ziwei Liu

In recent decades, the field of robotic mapping has witnessed widespread research and development in LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging)-based simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) techniques. In this paper, we review the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Xiangdi Yue , Yihuan Zhang , Miaolei He

Advancements in LiDAR technology have led to more cost-effective production while simultaneously improving precision and resolution. As a result, LiDAR has become integral to vehicle localization, achieving centimeter-level accuracy through…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Yuze Jiang , Ehsan Javanmardi , Jin Nakazato , Manabu Tsukada , Hiroshi Esaki

Multiple lidars are prevalently used on mobile vehicles for rendering a broad view to enhance the performance of localization and perception systems. However, precise calibration of multiple lidars is challenging since the feature…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-30 Jianhao Jiao , Qinghai Liao , Yilong Zhu , Tianyu Liu , Yang Yu , Rui Fan , Lujia Wang , Ming Liu

LIDAR and RADAR are two commonly used sensors in autonomous driving systems. The extrinsic calibration between the two is crucial for effective sensor fusion. The challenge arises due to the low accuracy and sparse information in RADAR…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Peng Jiang , Srikanth Saripalli

The core task of any autonomous driving system is to transform sensory inputs into driving commands. In end-to-end driving, this is achieved via a neural network, with one or multiple cameras as the most commonly used input and low-level…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-07-01 Ardi Tampuu , Romet Aidla , Jan Are van Gent , Tambet Matiisen

Perception plays a pivotal role in autonomous driving systems, which utilizes onboard sensors like cameras and LiDARs (Light Detection and Ranging) to assess surroundings. Recent studies have demonstrated that LiDAR-based perception is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-01 Jiachen Sun , Yulong Cao , Qi Alfred Chen , Z. Morley Mao

High performance lidars are essential in autonomous robots such as self-driving cars, automated ground vehicles and intelligent machines. Traditional mechanical scanning lidars offer superior performance in autonomous vehicles, but the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-06-22 Zheng Liu , Fu Zhang , Xiaoping Hong

LiDAR is an essential sensor for autonomous driving by collecting precise geometric information regarding a scene. %Exploiting this information for perception is interesting as the amount of available data increases. As the performance of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Jules Sanchez , Louis Soum-Fontez , Jean-Emmanuel Deschaud , Francois Goulette

Human drivers focus only on a handful of agents at any one time. On the other hand, autonomous driving systems process complex scenes with numerous agents, regardless of whether they are pedestrians on a crosswalk or vehicles parked on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Carlo Bosio , Greg Woelki , Noureldin Hendy , Nicholas Roy , Byungsoo Kim