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Lidar with direct time-of-flight (dToF) technology based on single-photon avalanche diode detectors (SPAD) has been widely adopted in various applications. However, a comprehensive theoretical understanding of its fundamental ranging…

Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) have emerged as a crucial tool for high-resolution 3D imaging, particularly in autonomous vehicles, remote sensing, and augmented reality. However, the increasing demand for faster acquisition speed and…

Reliable position and attitude sensing is critical for highly automated vehicles that operate on conventional roadways. Lidar sensors are increasingly incorporated into pose-estimation systems. Despite its great utility, lidar is a complex…

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) rely heavily on LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) systems for accurate perception and navigation, providing high-resolution 3D environmental data that is crucial for object detection and classification. However,…

For autonomous driving, traversability analysis is one of the most basic and essential tasks. In this paper, we propose a novel LiDAR-based terrain modeling approach, which could output stable, complete and accurate terrain models and…

Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) being developed these days rely on various sensor technologies to sense and perceive the world around them. The sensor outputs are subsequently used by the Automated Driving System (ADS) onboard the vehicle to make…

Coherent lidars promise a number of advantages over traditional time-of-flight lidars for autonomous vehicles. These include the direct measurement of target approach velocities via the Doppler effect, and near-immunity to interference from…

For autonomous driving, an essential task is to detect surrounding objects accurately. To this end, most existing systems use optical devices, including cameras and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors, to collect environment data in…

Accurate environmental perception is critical for advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) systems play a crucial role in ADAS; they can reliably detect obstacles and help ensure traffic safety.…

LiDAR sensors are often considered essential for autonomous driving, but high-resolution sensors remain expensive while affordable low-resolution sensors produce sparse point clouds that miss critical details. LiDAR super-resolution…

LiDAR (laser based radar) systems are a major part of many new real-world interactive systems, one of the most notable being autonomous cars. The current market LiDAR systems are limited by detector sensitivity: when output power is at…

3D imaging is increasingly impacting areas such as space, defense, automation, medical and automotive industries. The most well-known optical 3D imaging systems are LIDAR systems that rely on Time of Flight (ToF) measurement. The depth…

Coherent LiDAR (Light Detecting And Ranging) is a promising 3D imaging technology that provides significant advantages over more traditional LiDAR systems. In addition to being immune to ambient light, it directly measures the velocity of…

With the development of neural networks and the increasing popularity of automatic driving, the calibration of the LiDAR and the camera has attracted more and more attention. This calibration task is multi-modal, where the rich color and…

This survey offers a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in LiDAR-based autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), covering their design, perception, planning, and control strategies. Over the past decade, LiDAR technology has…

Autonomous vehicles rely on a variety of sensors to gather information about their surrounding. The vehicle's behavior is planned based on the environment perception, making its reliability crucial for safety reasons. The active LiDAR…

Estimating and understanding the surroundings of the vehicle precisely forms the basic and crucial step for the autonomous vehicle. The perception system plays a significant role in providing an accurate interpretation of a vehicle's…

Vision-centric perception systems for autonomous driving have gained considerable attention recently due to their cost-effectiveness and scalability, especially compared to LiDAR-based systems. However, these systems often struggle in…

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a transformative approach in the domains of automation and robotics, offering powerful solutions to complex problems that conventional methods struggle to address. In scenarios where the problem…

3D perception using sensors under vehicle industrial standard is the rigid demand in autonomous driving. MEMS LiDAR emerges with irresistible trend due to its lower cost, more robust, and meeting the mass-production standards. However, it…