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Finding the mixed Nash equilibria (MNE) of a two-player zero sum continuous game is an important and challenging problem in machine learning. A canonical algorithm to finding the MNE is the noisy gradient descent ascent method which in the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-01-10 Yulong Lu

We introduce a new algorithm for the numerical computation of Nash equilibria of competitive two-player games. Our method is a natural generalization of gradient descent to the two-player setting where the update is given by the Nash…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-07-02 Florian Schäfer , Anima Anandkumar

Smooth minimax games often proceed by simultaneous or alternating gradient updates. Although algorithms with alternating updates are commonly used in practice, the majority of existing theoretical analyses focus on simultaneous algorithms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Guodong Zhang , Yuanhao Wang , Laurent Lessard , Roger Grosse

Many recent AI architectures are inspired by zero-sum games, however, the behavior of their dynamics is still not well understood. Inspired by this, we study standard gradient descent ascent (GDA) dynamics in a specific class of non-convex…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-01-14 Lampros Flokas , Emmanouil-Vasileios Vlatakis-Gkaragkounis , Georgios Piliouras

We provide a unified analysis of two-timescale gradient descent ascent (TTGDA) for solving structured nonconvex minimax optimization problems in the form of $\min_\textbf{x} \max_{\textbf{y} \in Y} f(\textbf{x}, \textbf{y})$, where the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Tianyi Lin , Chi Jin , Michael. I. Jordan

We study the alternating gradient descent-ascent (AltGDA) algorithm in two-player zero-sum games. Alternating methods, where players take turns to update their strategies, have long been recognized as simple and practical approaches for…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Tianlong Nan , Shuvomoy Das Gupta , Garud Iyengar , Christian Kroer

Nonconvex minimax problems appear frequently in emerging machine learning applications, such as generative adversarial networks and adversarial learning. Simple algorithms such as the gradient descent ascent (GDA) are the common practice…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-02-25 Junchi Yang , Negar Kiyavash , Niao He

We consider nonconvex-concave minimax problems, $\min_{\mathbf{x}} \max_{\mathbf{y} \in \mathcal{Y}} f(\mathbf{x}, \mathbf{y})$, where $f$ is nonconvex in $\mathbf{x}$ but concave in $\mathbf{y}$ and $\mathcal{Y}$ is a convex and bounded…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Tianyi Lin , Chi Jin , Michael I. Jordan

Min-max optimization problems (i.e., min-max games) have attracted a great deal of attention recently as their applicability to a wide range of machine learning problems has become evident. In this paper, we study min-max games with…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Denizalp Goktas , Amy Greenwald

In this work, we establish a frequency-domain framework for analyzing gradient-based algorithms in linear minimax optimization problems; specifically, our approach is based on the Z-transform, a powerful tool applied in Control Theory and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-10-08 Ioannis Anagnostides , Paolo Penna

Gradient Descent Ascent (GDA) methods for min-max optimization problems typically produce oscillatory behavior that can lead to instability, e.g., in bilinear settings. To address this problem, we introduce a dissipation term into the GDA…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-15 Tianqi Zheng , Nicolas Loizou , Pengcheng You , Enrique Mallada

Finding Nash equilibria in two-player zero-sum continuous games is a central problem in machine learning, e.g. for training both GANs and robust models. The existence of pure Nash equilibria requires strong conditions which are not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-07 Carles Domingo-Enrich , Samy Jelassi , Arthur Mensch , Grant Rotskoff , Joan Bruna

We focus on the design of algorithms for finding equilibria in 2-player zero-sum games. Although it is well known that such problems can be solved by a single linear program, there has been a surge of interest in recent years for simpler…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Michail Fasoulakis , Evangelos Markakis , Giorgos Roussakis , Christodoulos Santorinaios

Gradient Descent Ascent (GDA) methods are the mainstream algorithms for minimax optimization in generative adversarial networks (GANs). Convergence properties of GDA have drawn significant interest in the recent literature. Specifically,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-07-05 Haochuan Li , Farzan Farnia , Subhro Das , Ali Jadbabaie

Gradient descent-ascent (GDA) flows play a central role in finding saddle points of bivariate functionals, with applications in optimization, game theory, and robust control. While they are well-understood in Hilbert and Banach spaces via…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2025-06-26 Noboru Isobe , Sho Shimoyama

We study the convergence of Optimistic Gradient Descent Ascent in unconstrained bilinear games. In a first part, we consider the zero-sum case and extend previous results by Daskalakis et al. in 2018, Liang and Stokes in 2019, and others:…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-11-24 Étienne de Montbrun , Jérôme Renault

The approximation of mixed Nash equilibria (MNE) for zero-sum games with mean-field interacting players has recently raised much interest in machine learning. In this paper we propose a mean-field gradient descent dynamics for finding the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-05-13 Yulong Lu , Pierre Monmarché

In this paper, we consider multi-agent learning via online gradient descent in a class of games called $\lambda$-cocoercive games, a fairly broad class of games that admits many Nash equilibria and that properly includes unconstrained…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-07-20 Tianyi Lin , Zhengyuan Zhou , Panayotis Mertikopoulos , Michael I. Jordan

We study two variants of the mirror descent-ascent (MDA) algorithm for solving min-max problems on the space of measures: simultaneous and alternating. We work under assumptions of convexity-concavity and relative smoothness of the payoff…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-08 Razvan-Andrei Lascu , Mateusz B. Majka , Łukasz Szpruch

We study the problem of finding the Nash equilibrium in a two-player zero-sum Markov game. Due to its formulation as a minimax optimization program, a natural approach to solve the problem is to perform gradient descent/ascent with respect…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-10-13 Sihan Zeng , Thinh T. Doan , Justin Romberg
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