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Text-to-image generative models are becoming increasingly popular and accessible to the general public. As these models see large-scale deployments, it is necessary to deeply investigate their safety and fairness to not disseminate and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Moreno D'Incà , Elia Peruzzo , Massimiliano Mancini , Dejia Xu , Vidit Goel , Xingqian Xu , Zhangyang Wang , Humphrey Shi , Nicu Sebe

Text-to-image models take a sentence (i.e., prompt) and generate images associated with this input prompt. These models have created award wining-art, videos, and even synthetic datasets. However, text-to-image (T2I) models can generate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Alexander Lin , Lucas Monteiro Paes , Sree Harsha Tanneru , Suraj Srinivas , Himabindu Lakkaraju

Text-to-image (T2I) generative models are increasingly used to produce content for education, media, and public-facing communication, and are starting to be integrated into higher-impact pipelines. Since generated images tend to reinforce…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Jose Luna , Yankun Wu , Xiaofei Xie , Noa Garcia

The rapid development and reduced barriers to entry for Text-to-Image (T2I) models have raised concerns about the biases in their outputs, but existing research lacks a holistic definition and evaluation framework of biases, limiting the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Hanjun Luo , Ziye Deng , Ruizhe Chen , Zuozhu Liu

Text-to-Image (T2I) generation models have been widely adopted across various industries, yet are criticized for frequently exhibiting societal stereotypes. While a growing body of research has emerged to evaluate and mitigate these biases,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Megan Smith , Venkatesh Thirugnana Sambandham , Florian Richter , Laura Crompton , Matthias Uhl , Torsten Schön

Text-to-image (T2I) models achieve high-fidelity generation through extensive training on large datasets. However, these models may unintentionally pick up undesirable biases of their training data, such as over-representation of particular…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Shufan Li , Harkanwar Singh , Aditya Grover

Recent progress in Text-to-Image (T2I) generative models has enabled high-quality image generation. As performance and accessibility increase, these models are gaining significant attraction and popularity: ensuring their fairness and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Moreno D'Incà , Elia Peruzzo , Massimiliano Mancini , Xingqian Xu , Humphrey Shi , Nicu Sebe

In this paper, we present an empirical study introducing a nuanced evaluation framework for text-to-image (T2I) generative models, applied to human image synthesis. Our framework categorizes evaluations into two distinct groups: first,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Muxi Chen , Yi Liu , Jian Yi , Changran Xu , Qiuxia Lai , Hongliang Wang , Tsung-Yi Ho , Qiang Xu

Text-to-image generation models have recently achieved astonishing results in image quality, flexibility, and text alignment, and are consequently employed in a fast-growing number of applications. Through improvements in multilingual…

Text-to-Image (T2I) models have recently achieved remarkable success in generating images from textual descriptions. However, challenges still persist in accurately rendering complex scenes where actions and interactions form the primary…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Vatsal Malaviya , Agneet Chatterjee , Maitreya Patel , Yezhou Yang , Chitta Baral

Text-to-image (TTI) models are increasingly used in professional, educational, and creative contexts, yet their outputs often embed and amplify social biases. This paper investigates gender representation in six state-of-the-art open-weight…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Franck Vandewiele , Remi Synave , Samuel Delepoulle , Remi Cozot

Text-to-image (T2I) generative models have gained increased popularity in the public domain. While boasting impressive user-guided generative abilities, their black-box nature exposes users to intentionally- and intrinsically-biased…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Jordan Vice , Naveed Akhtar , Richard Hartley , Ajmal Mian

Text-to-Image (T2I) generative models are becoming increasingly crucial due to their ability to generate high-quality images, but also raise concerns about social biases, particularly in human image generation. Sociological research has…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Hanjun Luo , Haoyu Huang , Ziye Deng , Xinfeng Li , Hewei Wang , Yingbin Jin , Yang Liu , Wenyuan Xu , Zuozhu Liu

User prompts for generative AI models are often underspecified, leading to a misalignment between the user intent and models' understanding. As a result, users commonly have to painstakingly refine their prompts. We study this alignment…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Meera Hahn , Wenjun Zeng , Nithish Kannen , Rich Galt , Kartikeya Badola , Been Kim , Zi Wang

Advances in generative models have led to significant interest in image synthesis, demonstrating the ability to generate high-quality images for a diverse range of text prompts. Despite this progress, most studies ignore the presence of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Nila Masrourisaadat , Nazanin Sedaghatkish , Fatemeh Sarshartehrani , Edward A. Fox

Research on bias in Text-to-Image (T2I) models has primarily focused on demographic representation and stereotypical attributes, overlooking a fundamental question: how does grammatical gender influence visual representation across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Muhammed Saeed , Shaina Raza , Ashmal Vayani , Muhammad Abdul-Mageed , Ali Emami , Shady Shehata

Text-To-Image (TTI) Diffusion Models such as DALL-E and Stable Diffusion are capable of generating images from text prompts. However, they have been shown to perpetuate gender stereotypes. These models process data internally in multiple…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Abhishek Mandal , Susan Leavy , Suzanne Little

Several studies have raised awareness about social biases in image generative models, demonstrating their predisposition towards stereotypes and imbalances. This paper contributes to this growing body of research by introducing an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Yankun Wu , Yuta Nakashima , Noa Garcia

Text-to-Image (T2I) models generate high-quality images but are vulnerable to malicious backdoor attacks that inject harmful biases (e.g., trigger-activated gender or racial stereotypes). Existing debiasing methods, often designed for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Hongyi Cai , Mohammad Mahdinur Rahman , Mingkang Dong , Muxin Pu , Moqyad Alqaily , Jie Li , Xinfeng Li , Jialie Shen , Meikang Qiu , Qingsong Wen

Text-to-Image (TTI) models are powerful creative tools but risk amplifying harmful social biases. We frame representational societal bias assessment as an image curation and evaluation task and introduce a pilot benchmark of occupational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Shaina Raza , Maximus Powers , Partha Pratim Saha , Mahveen Raza , Rizwan Qureshi