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Hate speech represents a pervasive and detrimental form of online discourse, often manifested through an array of slurs, from hateful tweets to defamatory posts. As such speech proliferates, it connects people globally and poses significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Paloma Piot , Patricia Martín-Rodilla , Javier Parapar

The last decade has witnessed a surge in the interaction of people through social networking platforms. While there are several positive aspects of these social platforms, the proliferation has led them to become the breeding ground for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-05 Souvic Chakraborty , Parag Dutta , Sumegh Roychowdhury , Animesh Mukherjee

Algorithmic hate speech detection faces significant challenges due to the diverse definitions and datasets used in research and practice. Social media platforms, legal frameworks, and institutions each apply distinct yet overlapping…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Jan Fillies , Adrian Paschke

Online hate speech is an important issue that breaks the cohesiveness of online social communities and even raises public safety concerns in our societies. Motivated by this rising issue, researchers have developed many traditional machine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Rui Cao , Roy Ka-Wei Lee , Tuan-Anh Hoang

Current research on hate speech analysis is typically oriented towards monolingual and single classification tasks. In this paper, we present a new multilingual hate speech analysis dataset for English, Hindi, Arabic, French, German and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Ankit Yadav , Shubham Chandel , Sushant Chatufale , Anil Bandhakavi

Hate speech detection models rely on surface-level lexical features, increasing vulnerability to spurious correlations and limiting robustness, cultural contextualization, and interpretability. We propose Supervised Moral Rationale…

This work proposes a contextualised detection framework for implicitly hateful speech, implemented as a multi-agent system comprising a central Moderator Agent and dynamically constructed Community Agents representing specific demographic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Ewelina Gajewska , Katarzyna Budzynska , Jarosław A Chudziak

Warning: This paper contains examples of the language that some people may find offensive. Detecting and reducing hateful, abusive, offensive comments is a critical and challenging task on social media. Moreover, few studies aim to mitigate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Neeraj Kumar Singh , Koyel Ghosh , Joy Mahapatra , Utpal Garain , Apurbalal Senapati

Hate speech online targets individuals or groups based on identity attributes and spreads rapidly, posing serious social risks. Memes, which combine images and text, have emerged as a nuanced vehicle for disseminating hate speech, often…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Rui Xing , Qi Chai , Jie Ma , Jing Tao , Pinghui Wang , Shuming Zhang , Xinping Wang , Hao Wang

The context-dependent nature of online aggression makes annotating large collections of data extremely difficult. Previously studied datasets in abusive language detection have been insufficient in size to efficiently train deep learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-31 Younghun Lee , Seunghyun Yoon , Kyomin Jung

The rampant spread of cyberbullying content poses a growing threat to societal well-being. However, research on cyberbullying detection in Chinese remains underdeveloped, primarily due to the lack of comprehensive and reliable datasets.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Qingpo Yang , Yakai Chen , Zihui Xu , Yu-ming Shang , Sanchuan Guo , Xi Zhang

Detecting hate speech in memes is challenging due to their multimodal nature and subtle, culturally grounded cues such as sarcasm and context. While recent vision-language models (VLMs) enable joint reasoning over text and images,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Ivo Bueno , Lea Hirlimann , Enkelejda Kasneci

The rapid growth of social media platforms has raised significant concerns regarding online content toxicity. When Large Language Models (LLMs) are used for toxicity detection, two key challenges emerge: 1) the absence of domain-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Yibo Zhao , Jiapeng Zhu , Can Xu , Yao Liu , Xiang Li

During the development of large language models (LLMs), the scale and quality of the pre-training data play a crucial role in shaping LLMs' capabilities. To accelerate the research of LLMs, several large-scale datasets, such as C4 [1], Pile…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-13 Jianghao Chen , Pu Jian , Tengxiao Xi , Dongyi Yi , Qianlong Du , Chenglin Ding , Guibo Zhu , Chengqing Zong , Jinqiao Wang , Jiajun Zhang

This paper addresses the important problem of discerning hateful content in social media. We propose a detection scheme that is an ensemble of Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) classifiers, and it incorporates various features associated with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-05 Georgios K. Pitsilis , Heri Ramampiaro , Helge Langseth

Text correction, especially the semantic correction of more widely used scenes, is strongly required to improve, for the fluency and writing efficiency of the text. An adversarial multi-task learning method is proposed to enhance the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-29 Fanyu Wang , Zhenping Xie

Online harassment in the form of hate speech has been on the rise in recent years. Addressing the issue requires a combination of content moderation by people, aided by automatic detection methods. As content moderation is itself harmful to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-03 Sheikh Muhammad Sarwar , Vanessa Murdock

The detection of hate speech has become increasingly important in combating online hostility and its real-world consequences. Despite recent advancements, there is limited research addressing hate speech detection in Devanagari-scripted…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Rushendra Sidibomma , Pransh Patwa , Parth Patwa , Aman Chadha , Vinija Jain , Amitava Das

Large-scale web-scraped text corpora used to train general-purpose AI models often contain harmful demographic-targeted social biases, creating a regulatory need for data auditing and developing scalable bias-detection methods. Although…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Ayan Majumdar , Feihao Chen , Jinghui Li , Xiaozhen Wang

Scene text recognition (STR) has been widely studied in academia and industry. Training a text recognition model often requires a large amount of labeled data, but data labeling can be difficult, expensive, or time-consuming, especially for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-09 Yi-Chang Chen , Yu-Chuan Chang , Yen-Cheng Chang , Yi-Ren Yeh