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We present a randomized maximum a posteriori (rMAP) method for generating approximate samples of posteriors in high dimensional Bayesian inverse problems governed by large-scale forward problems. We derive the rMAP approach by: 1) casting…

Computation · Statistics 2016-02-12 Kainan Wang , Tan Bui-Thanh , Omar Ghattas

We study image inverse problems with a normalizing flow prior. Our formulation views the solution as the maximum a posteriori estimate of the image conditioned on the measurements. This formulation allows us to use noise models with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-02 Jay Whang , Qi Lei , Alexandros G. Dimakis

A frequent matter of debate in Bayesian inversion is the question, which of the two principle point-estimators, the maximum-a-posteriori (MAP) or the conditional mean (CM) estimate is to be preferred. As the MAP estimate corresponds to the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-06-18 Martin Burger , Felix Lucka

Geophysical inverse problems are often ill-posed and admit multiple solutions. Conventional discriminative methods typically yield a single deterministic solution, which fails to model the posterior distribution, cannot generate diverse…

In ill-posed dynamic inverse problems expected spatial features and temporal correlation between frames can be leveraged to improve the quality of the computed solution, in particular when the available data are limited and the…

Diffusion probabilistic models learn to remove noise added during training, generating novel data (e.g., images) from Gaussian noise through sequential denoising. However, conditioning the generative process on corrupted or masked images is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Sakshi Agarwal , Gabriel Hope , Jimin Heo , Erik B. Sudderth

Generative models based on flow matching have attracted significant attention for their simplicity and superior performance in high-resolution image synthesis. By leveraging the instantaneous change-of-variables formula, one can directly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-06 Yasi Zhang , Peiyu Yu , Yaxuan Zhu , Yingshan Chang , Feng Gao , Ying Nian Wu , Oscar Leong

The Bayesian solution to a statistical inverse problem can be summarised by a mode of the posterior distribution, i.e. a MAP estimator. The MAP estimator essentially coincides with the (regularised) variational solution to the inverse…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-01-10 Birzhan Ayanbayev , Ilja Klebanov , Han Cheng Lie , T. J. Sullivan

Inverse problems are prevalent across various disciplines in science and engineering. In the field of computer vision, tasks such as inpainting, deblurring, and super-resolution are commonly formulated as inverse problems. Recently,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Shayan Mohajer Hamidi , En-Hui Yang

Diffusion models have made remarkable progress in solving various inverse problems, attributing to the generative modeling capability of the data manifold. Posterior sampling from the conditional score function enable the precious data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Jinghao Zhang , Zizheng Yang , Qi Zhu , Feng Zhao

We study the inverse problem of estimating a field $u$ from data comprising a finite set of nonlinear functionals of $u$, subject to additive noise; we denote this observed data by $y$. Our interest is in the reconstruction of piecewise…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2016-09-13 Matthew M. Dunlop , Andrew M. Stuart

Diffusion generative models unlock new possibilities for inverse problems as they allow for the incorporation of strong empirical priors in scientific inference. Recently, diffusion models are repurposed for solving inverse problems using…

Recent diffusion models provide a promising zero-shot solution to noisy linear inverse problems without retraining for specific inverse problems. In this paper, we reveal that recent methods can be uniformly interpreted as employing a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Xinyu Peng , Ziyang Zheng , Wenrui Dai , Nuoqian Xiao , Chenglin Li , Junni Zou , Hongkai Xiong

Ill-posed imaging inverse problems remain challenging due to the ambiguity in mapping degraded observations to clean images. Diffusion-based generative priors have recently shown promise, but typically rely on computationally intensive…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-13 Ayush Varshney , Katherine L. Bouman , Berthy T. Feng

We propose an efficient framework for amortized conditional inference by leveraging exact conditional score-guided diffusion models to train a non-reversible neural network as a conditional generative model. Traditional normalizing flow…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Zezhong Zhang , Caroline Tatsuoka , Dongbin Xiu , Guannan Zhang

There are several challenges associated with inverse problems in which we seek to reconstruct a piecewise constant field, and which we model using multiple level sets. Adopting a Bayesian viewpoint, we impose prior distributions on both the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-12-01 William Reese , Arvind K. Saibaba , Jonghyun Lee

From a Bayesian perspective, score-based diffusion solves inverse problems through joint inference, embedding the likelihood with the prior to guide the sampling process. However, this formulation fails to explain its practical behavior:…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Hao Chen , Renzheng Zhang , Scott S. Howard

Score-based diffusion models achieve state-of-the-art performance for inverse problems, but their practical deployment is hindered by long inference times and cumbersome hyperparameter tuning. While pretrained diffusion models can be reused…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Julio Oscanoa , Irmak Sivgin , Cagan Alkan , Daniel Ennis , John Pauly , Mert Pilanci , Shreyas Vasanawala

Diffusion models are now commonly used to solve inverse problems in computational imaging. However, most diffusion-based inverse solvers require complete knowledge of the forward operator to be used. In this work, we introduce a novel…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-22 Yuanyun Hu , Evan Bell , Guijin Wang , Yu Sun

In recent years, the ascendance of diffusion modeling as a state-of-the-art generative modeling approach has spurred significant interest in their use as priors in Bayesian inverse problems. However, it is unclear how to optimally integrate…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-08-28 Evan Scope Crafts , Umberto Villa