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The rapid increase in LLM ubiquity and scale levies unprecedented demands on computing infrastructure. These demands not only incur large compute and memory resources but also significant energy, yielding large operational and embodied…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Yueying Li , Zhanqiu Hu , Esha Choukse , Rodrigo Fonseca , G. Edward Suh , Udit Gupta

With the rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs), efficiently serving LLM inference under limited GPU resources has become a critical challenge. Recently, an increasing number of studies have explored applying serverless computing…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Zijie Su , Muhammed Tawfiqul Islam , Mohammad Goudarzi , Adel N. Toosi

Large language model (LLM) inference at the network edge is a promising serving paradigm that leverages distributed edge resources to run inference near users and enhance privacy. Existing edge-based LLM inference systems typically adopt…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-14 Bingjie Zhu , Zhixiong Chen , Liqiang Zhao , Hyundong Shin , Arumugam Nallanathan

Autoregressive Models (ARMs) have long dominated the landscape of Large Language Models. Recently, a new paradigm has emerged in the form of diffusion-based Large Language Models (dLLMs), which generate text by iteratively denoising masked…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Zhiyuan Liu , Yicun Yang , Yaojie Zhang , Junjie Chen , Chang Zou , Qingyuan Wei , Shaobo Wang , Linfeng Zhang

Large language model (LLM) applications are evolving beyond simple chatbots into dynamic, general-purpose agentic programs, which scale LLM calls and output tokens to help AI agents reason, explore, and solve complex tasks. However,…

Deploying large language models (LLMs) on edge devices is crucial for delivering fast responses and ensuring data privacy. However, the limited storage, weight, and power of edge devices make it difficult to deploy LLM-powered applications.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Chunlin Tian , Xinpeng Qin , Kahou Tam , Li Li , Zijian Wang , Yuanzhe Zhao , Minglei Zhang , Chengzhong Xu

End users face a choice between privacy and efficiency in current Large Language Model (LLM) service paradigms. In cloud-based paradigms, users are forced to compromise data locality for generation quality and processing speed. Conversely,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Yiming Wang , Yu Lin , Xiaodong Zeng , Guannan Zhang

With the proliferation of edge devices, there is a significant increase in attack surface on these devices. The decentralized deployment of threat intelligence on edge devices, coupled with adaptive machine learning techniques such as the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Syed Mhamudul Hasan , Alaa M. Alotaibi , Sajedul Talukder , Abdur R. Shahid

Large language models (LLMs) show best-in-class performance across a wide range of natural language processing applications. Training these models is an extremely computationally expensive task; frontier Artificial Intelligence (AI)…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Alexander Interrante-Grant , Carla Varela-Rosa , Suhaas Narayan , Chris Connelly , Albert Reuther

Serverless computing has emerged as a new execution model which gained a lot of attention in cloud computing thanks to the latest advances in containerization technologies. Recently, serverless has been adopted at the edge, where it can…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Mounir Bensalem , Francisco Carpio , Admela Jukan

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have intensified the need to deliver both rapid responses and high-quality outputs. More powerful models yield better results but incur higher inference latency, whereas smaller models are…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Youhe Jiang , Fangcheng Fu , Wanru Zhao , Stephan Rabanser , Jintao Zhang , Nicholas D. Lane , Binhang Yuan

We present a framework for performance optimization in serverless edge-cloud platforms using dynamic task placement. We focus on applications for smart edge devices, for example, smart cameras or speakers, that need to perform processing…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-05-21 Anirban Das , Shigeru Imai , Mike P. Wittie , Stacy Patterson

This paper introduces a user-friendly platform developed by the University of Kentucky Center for Applied AI, designed to make large, customized language models (LLMs) more accessible. By capitalizing on recent advancements in multi-LoRA…

Large-scale deployment of generative AI tools often depends on costly API calls to a Large Language Model (LLM) to fulfil user queries. To curtail the frequency of these calls, one can employ a smaller language model -- a student -- which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Guillem Ramírez , Matthias Lindemann , Alexandra Birch , Ivan Titov

Large language models (LLM) are advanced AI systems trained on extensive textual data, leveraging deep learning techniques to understand and generate human-like language. Today's LLMs with billions of parameters are so huge that hardly any…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Sheikh Azizul Hakim , Saem Hasan

The increased use of micro-services to build web applications has spurred the rapid growth of Function-as-a-Service (FaaS) or serverless computing platforms. While FaaS simplifies provisioning and scaling for application developers, it…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-11-25 Arjun Singhvi , Kevin Houck , Arjun Balasubramanian , Mohammed Danish Shaikh , Shivaram Venkataraman , Aditya Akella

Large language models (LLMs) such as OpenAI's ChatGPT and Google's Gemini have demonstrated unprecedented capabilities of autoregressive AI models across multiple tasks triggering disruptive technology innovations around the world. However,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Huwan Peng , Scott Davidson , Richard Shi , Shuaiwen Leon Song , Michael Taylor

Serverless computing has gained popularity due to its cost efficiency, ease of deployment, and enhanced scalability. However, in serverless environments, servers are initiated only after receiving a request, leading to increased response…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Vincent Hsieh , Jerry Chou

The transformer is the most critical algorithm innovation of the Nature Language Processing (NLP) field in recent years. Unlike the Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) models, Transformers can process on dimensions of sequence lengths in…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Jiarui Fang , Yang Yu , Chengduo Zhao , Jie Zhou

In the realm of AI, large language models (LLMs) like GPT-4, central to the operation of AI agents, predominantly operate in the cloud, incurring high operational costs. With local-based small language models (SLMs) becoming more accurate,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Shiyi Liu , Haiying Shen , Shuai Che , Mahdi Ghandi , Mingqin Li