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With the widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs), the demand for high-performance LLM inference services continues to grow. To meet this demand, a growing number of AI accelerators have been proposed, such as Google TPU, Huawei…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Tianhao Zhu , Dahu Feng , Erhu Feng , Yubin Xia

Fine-tuning a large language model (LLM) using the local data of edge users can enable personalized services and applications. For privacy protection, the prevalent solution adopts distributed learning for fine-tuning and integrates…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Songge Zhang , Guoliang Cheng , Zuguang Li , Wen Wu

Pre-trained deep learning models are increasingly being used to offer a variety of compute-intensive predictive analytics services such as fitness tracking, speech and image recognition. The stateless and highly parallelizable nature of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-12-30 Anirban Bhattacharjee , Ajay Dev Chhokra , Zhuangwei Kang , Hongyang Sun , Aniruddha Gokhale , Gabor Karsai

In the rapidly evolving field of serverless computing, efficient function scheduling and resource scaling are critical for optimizing performance and cost. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the application of Deep Reinforcement…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Amjad Yousef Majid , Eduard Marin

Using medical imaging as case-study, we demonstrate how Intel-optimized TensorFlow on an x86-based server equipped with 2nd Generation Intel Xeon Scalable Processors with large system memory allows for the training of memory-intensive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-20 David Ojika , Bhavesh Patel , G. Anthony Reina , Trent Boyer , Chad Martin , Prashant Shah

End-users can get functions-as-a-service from serverless platforms, which promise lower hosting costs, high availability, fault tolerance, and dynamic flexibility for hosting individual functions known as microservices. Machine learning…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Prerana Khatiwada , Pranjal Dhakal

Device-side Large Language Models (LLMs) have witnessed explosive growth, offering higher privacy and availability compared to cloud-side LLMs. During LLM inference, both model weights and user data are valuable, and attackers may even…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Yinpeng Wu , Yitong Chen , Lixiang Wang , Jinyu Gu , Zhichao Hua , Yubin Xia

Large language models (LLMs) have excelled in various applications, yet serving them at scale is challenging due to their substantial resource demands and high latency. Our real-world studies reveal that over 70% of user requests to LLMs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Yifan Yu , Yu Gan , Nikhil Sarda , Lillian Tsai , Jiaming Shen , Yanqi Zhou , Arvind Krishnamurthy , Fan Lai , Henry M. Levy , David Culler

Serverless computing, with its operational simplicity and on-demand scalability, has become a preferred paradigm for deploying workflow applications. However, resource allocation for workflows, particularly those with branching structures,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Long Chen , Xinshuai Hua , Jinquan Zhang , Wenshuai Li , Xiaoping Li , Shijie Guo

Large language model (LLM) serving faces the dual challenge of meeting strict user-specific service-level objectives (SLOs) while minimizing computational cost under dynamic, multi-task workloads. Existing approaches either rely on static…

This paper describes HyperStream, a large-scale, flexible and robust software package, written in the Python language, for processing streaming data with workflow creation capabilities. HyperStream overcomes the limitations of other…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-09 Tom Diethe , Meelis Kull , Niall Twomey , Kacper Sokol , Hao Song , Miquel Perello-Nieto , Emma Tonkin , Peter Flach

Large Language Models (LLMs) have showcased remarkable capabilities surpassing conventional NLP challenges, creating opportunities for use in production use cases. Towards this goal, there is a notable shift to building compound AI systems,…

The rise of serverless computing introduced a new class of scalable, elastic and widely available parallel workers in the cloud. Many systems and applications benefit from offloading computations and parallel tasks to dynamically allocated…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Marcin Copik , Lukas Möller , Alexandru Calotoiu , Torsten Hoefler

The event-driven and elastic nature of serverless runtimes makes them a very efficient and cost-effective alternative for scaling up computations. So far, they have mostly been used for stateless, data parallel and ephemeral computations.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-01-11 Arda Aytekin , Mikael Johansson

AI accelerator processing capabilities and memory constraints largely dictate the scale in which machine learning workloads (e.g., training and inference) can be executed within a desirable time frame. Training a state of the art,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Michael Benington , Leo Phan , Chris Pierre Paul , Evan Shoemaker , Priyanka Ranade , Torstein Collett , Grant Hodgson Perez , Christopher Krieger

Deploying Large Language Model (LLM) services at the edge benefits latency-sensitive and privacy-aware applications. However, the stateless nature of LLMs makes managing user context (e.g., sessions, preferences) across geo-distributed edge…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Mohammadreza Malekabbasi , Minghe Wang , David Bermbach

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) power platforms like ChatGPT, Gemini, and Copilot, enabling richer interactions with text, images, and videos. These heterogeneous workloads introduce additional inference stages, such as vision…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Konstantinos Papaioannou , Thaleia Dimitra Doudali

Over the past decade, machine learning model complexity has grown at an extraordinary rate, as has the scale of the systems training such large models. However there is an alarmingly low hardware utilization (5-20%) in large scale AI…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-11-14 Newsha Ardalani , Saptadeep Pal , Puneet Gupta

Large Language Model (LLM) serving must meet stringent Service Level Objectives (SLOs) for both the prefill and decode phases. Some existing solutions disaggregate the two phases, causing potential resource idleness or compute redundancy.…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Yukang Chen , Weihao Cui , Han Zhao , Ziyi Xu , Xiaoze Fan , Xusheng Chen , Yangjie Zhou , Shixuan Sun , Bingsheng He , Quan Chen

Artificial intelligence (AI) has achieved human-level performance in specialized tasks such as Go, image recognition, and protein folding, raising the prospect of an AI singularity-where machines not only match but surpass human reasoning.…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-12-30 Zhongxin Yang , Yuanwei Bin , Yipeng Shi , Xiang I. A. Yang