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We study decision-making with rational inattention in settings where agents have perception constraints. In such settings, inaccurate prior beliefs or models of others may lead to inattention blindness, where an agent is unaware of its…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Mustafa O. Karabag , Jesse Milzman , Ufuk Topcu

The ability to accurately predict human behavior is central to the safety and efficiency of robot autonomy in interactive settings. Unfortunately, robots often lack access to key information on which these predictions may hinge, such as…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Haimin Hu , Jaime F. Fisac

The global dynamics is investigated for a duopoly game where the perfect foresight hypothesis is relaxed and firms are worst-case maximizers. Overlooking the degree of product substitutability as well as the sensitivity of price to…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2023-11-21 Davide Radi , Laura Gardini

People are often reluctant to sell a house, or shares of stock, below the price at which they originally bought it. While this is generally not consistent with rational utility maximization, it does reflect two strong empirical regularities…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-06-02 Jon Kleinberg , Robert Kleinberg , Sigal Oren

We axiomatize the Choquet rank-dependent utility model within a Savage framework with an exogenous source of pure risk. This model is a decision model under ambiguity, serving as a conceptual generalization of the Choquet expected utility…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-11-11 Zachary Van Oosten , Ruodu Wang

This paper studies a risk-sensitive decision-making problem under uncertainty. It considers a decision-making process that unfolds over a fixed number of stages, in which a decision-maker chooses among multiple alternatives, some of which…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-07 Chung-Han Hsieh , Yi-Shan Wong

Attention mechanism is effective in both focusing the deep learning models on relevant features and interpreting them. However, attentions may be unreliable since the networks that generate them are often trained in a weakly-supervised…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-11 Jay Heo , Hae Beom Lee , Saehoon Kim , Juho Lee , Kwang Joon Kim , Eunho Yang , Sung Ju Hwang

Binary classification models which can assign probabilities to categories such as "the tissue is 75% likely to be tumorous" or "the chemical is 25% likely to be toxic" are well understood statistically, but their utility as an input to…

Applications · Statistics 2017-12-05 Damjan Krstajic , Ljubomir Buturovic , Simon Thomas , David E Leahy

Computation plays a major role in decision making. Even if an agent is willing to ascribe a probability to all states and a utility to all outcomes, and maximize expected utility, doing so might present serious computational problems.…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2011-06-15 Joseph Y. Halpern , Rafael Pass

We propose a model of incomplete \textit{twofold multiprior preferences}, in which an act $f$ is ranked above an act $g$ only when $f$ provides higher utility in a worst-case scenario than what $g$ provides in a best-case scenario. The…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2022-01-14 Federico Echenique , Masaki Miyashita , Yuta Nakamura , Luciano Pomatto , Jamie Vinson

We use decision theory to confront uncertainty that is sufficiently broad to incorporate "models as approximations." We presume the existence of a featured collection of what we call "structured models" that have explicit substantive…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2022-08-22 Simone Cerreia-Vioglio , Lars Peter Hansen , Fabio Maccheroni , Massimo Marinacci

Decision makers sometimes cannot observe the consequences of their actions ex-post. This paper axiomatically characterizes a decision model in which the decision maker cares about verifying that a good consequence has been achieved.…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-03-03 Hendrik Rommeswinkel

In statistical practice, whether a Bayesian or frequentist approach is used in inference depends not only on the availability of prior information but also on the attitude taken toward partial prior information, with frequentists tending to…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2012-05-02 David R. Bickel

When making decisions under uncertainty, individuals often deviate from rational behavior, which can be evaluated across three dimensions: risk preference, probability weighting, and loss aversion. Given the widespread use of large language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Jingru Jia , Zehua Yuan , Junhao Pan , Paul E. McNamara , Deming Chen

In recent studies of political decision-making, apparently anomalous behavior has been observed on the part of voters, in which negative information about a candidate strengthens, rather than weakens, a prior positive opinion about the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-06-12 William W. Cohen , David P. Redlawsk , Douglas Pierce

Existing observational approaches for learning human preferences, such as inverse reinforcement learning, usually make strong assumptions about the observability of the human's environment. However, in reality, people make many important…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-10-29 Cassidy Laidlaw , Stuart Russell

The ability to reason under uncertainty and with incomplete information is a fundamental requirement of decision support technology. In this paper we argue that the concentration on theoretical techniques for the evaluation and selection of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-03-26 John Fox , Paul J. Krause

Data-driven sequential decision has found a wide range of applications in modern operations management, such as dynamic pricing, inventory control, and assortment optimization. Most existing research on data-driven sequential decision…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-09-01 Yining Wang , Xi Chen , Xiangyu Chang , Dongdong Ge

The use of equilibrium models in economics springs from the desire for parsimonious models of economic phenomena that take human reasoning into account. This approach has been the cornerstone of modern economic theory. We explain why this…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2008-12-02 J. Doyne Farmer , John Geanakoplos

Model approximations are common practice when estimating structural or quasi-structural models. The paper considers the econometric properties of estimators that utilize projections to reimpose information about the exact model in the form…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-03-05 Andreas Tryphonides