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Software systems have been continuously evolved and delivered with high quality due to the widespread adoption of automated tests. A recurring issue hurting this scenario is the presence of flaky tests, a test case that may pass or fail…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-24 B. H. P. Camara , M. A. G. Silva , A. T. Endo , S. R. Vergilio

Continuous Integration (CI) is widely used to provide rapid feedback on code changes; however, CI build outcomes are not always reliable. Builds may fail intermittently due to non-deterministic factors, leading to flaky builds that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Wenhao Ge , Chen Zhang

Flaky tests are problematic because they non-deterministically pass or fail for the same software version under test, causing confusion and wasting development effort. While machine learning models have been used to predict flakiness and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Sakina Fatima , Hadi Hemmati , Lionel Briand

The role of regression testing in software testing is crucial as it ensures that any new modifications do not disrupt the existing functionality and behaviour of the software system. The desired outcome is for regression tests to yield…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Xin Sun , Daniel Ståhl , Kristian Sandahl

Language constructs inspired by functional programming have made their way into most mainstream programming languages. Many researchers and developers consider that these constructs lead to programs that are more concise, reusable, and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Fernando Alves , Delano Oliveira , Fernanda Madeiral , Fernando Castor

In the past couple of decades, significant research efforts have been devoted to the prediction of software bugs (i.e., defects). In general, these works leverage a diverse set of metrics, tools, and techniques to predict which classes,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Ehsan Mashhadi , Shaiful Chowdhury , Somayeh Modaberi , Hadi Hemmati , Gias Uddin

Modern software projects depend on third-party dependencies, whose declarations must be maintained as projects evolve. Prior work has focused on dependency version updates, while much less is known about how developers assign dependencies…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Yuxin Liu , Cristian Bogdan , Benoit Baudry

Rotten green tests are passing tests which have, at least, one assertion not executed. They give developers a false confidence. In this paper, we present, RTj, a framework that analyzes test cases from Java projects with the goal of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-12-17 Matias Martinez , Anne Etien , Stéphane Ducasse , Christopher Fuhrman

Asynchronous waits are one of the most prevalent root causes of flaky tests and a major time-influential factor of web application testing. To investigate the characteristics of asynchronous wait flaky tests and their fixes in web testing,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Yu Pei , Jeongju Sohn , Sarra Habchi , Mike Papadakis

Test flakiness is a common problem in industry, which hinders the reliability of automated build and testing workflows. Most existing research on test flakiness has primarily focused on unit and small-scale integration tests. In contrast,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Man Zhang , Chongyang Shen , Andrea Arcuri , Tao Yue

Flaky tests pass and fail non-deterministically when run on the same version of code. Although many techniques have been proposed to detect, debug, and repair flaky tests, reproducing their failures remains a major challenge due to their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Suzzana Rafi , Mahbub-Ul-Hoque Sumon , Md Erfan , Maruf Morshed Khan , August Shi , Wing Lam

Software testing assures that code changes do not adversely affect existing functionality. However, a test case can be flaky, i.e., passing and failing across executions, even for the same version of the source code. Flaky test cases…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-09-02 Sakina Fatima , Taher A. Ghaleb , Lionel Briand

Flaky tests, which pass or fail inconsistently without code changes, are a major challenge in software engineering in general and in quantum software engineering in particular due to their complexity and probabilistic nature, leading to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Janakan Sivaloganathan , Ainaz Jamshidi , Andriy Miranskyy , Lei Zhang

E2E web test suites are prone to test dependencies due to the heterogeneous multi-tiered nature of modern web apps, which makes it difficult for developers to create isolated program states for each test case. In this paper, we present the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-10-11 Matteo Biagiola , Andrea Stocco , Ali Mesbah , Filippo Ricca , Paolo Tonella

JavaScript has become one of the most widely used languages for Web development. However, it is challenging to ensure the correctness and reliability of Web applications written in JavaScript, due to their dynamic and event-driven features.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-05-21 Pengfei Gao , Fu Song , Taolue Chen , Yao Zeng , Ting Su

Fault based testing is a technique in which test cases are chosen to reveal certain classes of faults. At present, testing professionals use their personal experience to select testing methods for fault classes considered the most likely to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2012-05-31 Shimul Kumar Nath , Robert Merkel , Man Fai Lau , Tanay Kanti Paul

Context. JavaScript is a popular programming language today with several implementations competing for market dominance. Although a specification document and a conformance test suite exist to guide engine development, bugs occur and have…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-12-08 Igor Lima , Jefferson Silva , Breno Miranda , Gustavo Pinto , Marcelo d'Amorim

Web end-to-end (e2e) testing evaluates the workflow of a web application. It simulates real-world user scenarios to ensure the application flows behave as expected. However, web e2e tests are notorious for being flaky, i.e., the tests can…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Xinyue Liu , Zihe Song , Weike Fang , Wei Yang , Weihang Wang

To create unit tests, it may be necessary to refactor the production code, e.g. by widening access to specific methods or by decomposing classes into smaller units that are easier to test independently. We report on an extensive study to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Pavel Reich , Walid Maalej

Flaky tests can pass or fail non-deterministically, without alterations to a software system. Such tests are frequently encountered by developers and hinder the credibility of test suites. State-of-the-art research incorporates machine…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Shizhe Lin , Ryan Zheng He Liu , Ladan Tahvildari