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Based on the Fundamental Lemma by Willems et al., the entire behaviour of a Linear Time-Invariant (LTI) system can be characterised by a single data sequence of the system as long the input is persistently exciting. This is an essential…

Willems' fundamental lemma enables data-driven analysis and control by characterizing an unknown system's behavior directly in terms of measured data. In this work, we extend a recent frequency-domain variant of this result--previously…

Dynamical models underpin our ability to understand and predict the behavior of natural systems. Whether dynamical models are developed from first-principles derivations or from observational data, they are predicated on our choice of state…

The fundamental lemma by Willems and coauthors facilitates a parameterization of all trajectories of a linear time-invariant system in terms of a single, measured one. This result plays an important role in data-driven simulation and…

The abundance of process operating data in modern industries, along with the rapid advancement of learning techniques, has led to a paradigm shift towards data-centric analysis and control. However, integrating machine learning with control…

Willems' Fundamental Lemma provides a powerful data-driven parametrization of all trajectories of a controllable linear time-invariant system based on one trajectory with persistently exciting (PE) input. In this paper, we present a novel…

In Willems' behavioral systems theory, a dynamical system is identified with the set of all trajectories compatible with its laws of motion. In the linear time-invariant setting this trajectory set is a linear subspace, and its algebraic…

Data-driven control uses a past signal trajectory to characterise the input-output behaviour of a system. Willems' lemma provides a data-based prediction model allowing a control designer to bypass the step of identifying a state-space or…

The internal state of a dynamical system, a set of variables that defines its evolving configuration, is often hidden and cannot be fully measured, posing a central challenge for real-time monitoring and control. While observers are…

Through the use of the Fundamental Lemma for linear systems, a direct data-driven state-feedback control synthesis method is presented for a rather general class of nonlinear (NL) systems. The core idea is to develop a data-driven…

The Willems' fundamental lemma, which characterizes linear dynamics with measured trajectories, has found successful applications in controller design and signal processing, which has driven a broad research interest in its extension to…

All physical laws are described as relationships between state variables that give a complete and non-redundant description of the relevant system dynamics. However, despite the prevalence of computing power and AI, the process of…

The fundamental lemma by Jan C. Willems and co-workers, which is deeply rooted in behavioral systems theory, has become one of the supporting pillars of the recent progress on data-driven control and system analysis. This tutorial-style…

The purpose of this paper is to propose a novel perspective, based on Willems' "behavior theory", on the design of an unknown-input observer for a given linear time-invariant discrete-time state-space model, with unknown disturbances…

Willems' fundamental lemma asserts that all trajectories of a linear time-invariant system can be obtained from a finite number of measured ones, assuming that controllability and a persistency of excitation condition hold. We show that…

We illustrate a novel version of Willems' lemma for data-based representation of continuous-time systems. The main novelties compared to previous works are two. First, the proposed framework relies only on measured input-output trajectories…

The paper considers some class of dynamical systems that called density systems. For such systems the derivative of quadratic function depends on so-called density function. The density function is used to set the properties of phase space,…

Willems et al.'s fundamental lemma asserts that all trajectories of a linear system can be obtained from a single given one, assuming that a persistency of excitation condition holds. This result has profound implications for system…

We present a stochastic constrained output-feedback data-driven predictive control scheme for linear time-invariant systems subject to bounded additive disturbances. The approach uses data-driven predictors based on an extension of Willems'…

Substitution of well-grounded theoretical models by data-driven predictions is not as simple in engineering and sciences as it is in social and economic fields. Scientific problems suffer most times from paucity of data, while they may…