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Skill-based reinforcement learning (SBRL) enables rapid adaptation in environments with sparse rewards by pretraining a skill-conditioned policy. Effective skill learning requires jointly maximizing both exploration and skill diversity.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Geonwoo Cho , Jaemoon Lee , Jaegyun Im , Subi Lee , Jihwan Lee , Sundong Kim

Despite the superior performance of Large language models on many NLP tasks, they still face significant limitations in memorizing extensive world knowledge. Recent studies have demonstrated that leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Xiaqiang Tang , Jian Li , Nan Du , Sihong Xie

Data efficiency of learning, which plays a key role in the Reinforcement Learning (RL) training process, becomes even more important in continual RL with sequential environments. In continual RL, the learner interacts with non-stationary,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Sihao Wu , Xingyu Zhao , Xiaowei Huang

We study the corruption-robustness of in-context reinforcement learning (ICRL), focusing on the Decision-Pretrained Transformer (DPT, Lee et al., 2023). To address the challenge of reward poisoning attacks targeting the DPT, we propose a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Paulius Sasnauskas , Yiğit Yalın , Goran Radanović

Large-scale pre-trained language models have shown remarkable results in diverse NLP applications. Unfortunately, these performance gains have been accompanied by a significant increase in computation time and model size, stressing the need…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-27 Cristóbal Eyzaguirre , Felipe del Río , Vladimir Araujo , Álvaro Soto

In the arena of language model fine-tuning, the traditional approaches, such as Domain-Adaptive Pretraining (DAPT) and Task-Adaptive Pretraining (TAPT), although effective, but computational intensive. This research introduces a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Keyu Chen , Yuan Pang , Zi Yang

Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) enables users to leverage powerful machine learning models through cloud-based APIs, offering scalability and ease of deployment. However, these services are vulnerable to model extraction attacks,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Amit Chakraborty , Sayyed Farid Ahamed , Sandip Roy , Soumya Banerjee , Kevin Choi , Abdul Rahman , Alison Hu , Edward Bowen , Sachin Shetty

Adversarial training is an effective but time-consuming way to train robust deep neural networks that can withstand strong adversarial attacks. As a response to its inefficiency, we propose Dynamic Efficient Adversarial Training (DEAT),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Fu Wang , Yanghao Zhang , Yanbin Zheng , Wenjie Ruan

Speculative decoding accelerates LLM inference but suffers from performance degradation when target models are fine-tuned for specific domains. A naive solution is to retrain draft models for every target model, which is costly and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Luxi Lin , Zhihang Lin , Zhanpeng Zeng , Yuhao Chen , Qingyu Zhang , Jixiang Luo , Xuelong Li , Rongrong Ji

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is widely used to augment large language models with external knowledge retrieval to improve reliability and generalization. However, recent studies have shown that RAG systems remain vulnerable to data…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Xingyu Lyu , Jianfeng He , Ning Wang , Yidan Hu , Tao Li , Danjue Chen , Shixiong Li , Yimin Chen

We consider the adversarial multi-armed bandit problem under delayed feedback. We analyze variants of the Exp3 algorithm that tune their step-size using only information (about the losses and delays) available at the time of the decisions,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-14 András György , Pooria Joulani

Offline-to-online reinforcement learning harnesses the stability of offline pretraining and the flexibility of online fine-tuning. A key challenge lies in the non-stationary distribution shift between offline datasets and the evolving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Letian Yang , Xu Liu , Yiqiang Lu , Jian Liu , Weiqiang Wang , Shuai Li

Compressed Deep Learning (DL) models are essential for deployment in resource-constrained environments. But their performance often lags behind their large-scale counterparts. To bridge this gap, we propose Alignment Adapter (AlAd): a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Rohit Raj Rai , Abhishek Dhaka , Amit Awekar

Real-world autonomous decision-making systems, from robots to recommendation engines, must operate in environments that change over time. While deep reinforcement learning (RL) has shown an impressive ability to learn optimal policies in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Jonathan Clifford Balloch

This paper presents a novel attention-based algorithm for achieving adaptive computation called DACT, which, unlike existing ones, is end-to-end differentiable. Our method can be used in conjunction with many networks; in particular, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-05-25 Cristobal Eyzaguirre , Alvaro Soto

Multi-task learning (MTL) has been successfully used in many real-world applications, which aims to simultaneously solve multiple tasks with a single model. The general idea of multi-task learning is designing kinds of global parameter…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Xuewen Tao , Mingming Ha , Xiaobo Guo , Qiongxu Ma , Hongwei Cheng , Wenfang Lin

Online decision tree learning algorithms typically examine all features of a new data point to update model parameters. We propose a novel alternative, Reinforcement Learning- based Decision Trees (RLDT), that uses Reinforcement Learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-07-27 Abhinav Garlapati , Aditi Raghunathan , Vaishnavh Nagarajan , Balaraman Ravindran

In many real-world applications of reinforcement learning (RL), performing actions requires consuming certain types of resources that are non-replenishable in each episode. Typical applications include robotic control with limited energy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-15 Zhihai Wang , Taoxing Pan , Qi Zhou , Jie Wang

Adaptive experiments are used extensively in online platforms, healthcare and biotechnology, and a variety of other settings. In many of these applications, the main goal is not to precisely estimate a treatment effect, but to demonstrate…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-10 Guido Imbens , Lorenzo Masoero , Alexander Rakhlin , Thomas S. Richardson , Suhas Vijaykumar

In Reinforcement Learning (RL), multi-armed Bandit (MAB) problems have found applications across diverse domains such as recommender systems, healthcare, and finance. Traditional MAB algorithms typically assume stationary reward…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Gustavo de Freitas Fonseca , Lucas Coelho e Silva , Paulo André Lima de Castro