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Learning behavior in legged robots presents a significant challenge due to its inherent instability and complex constraints. Recent research has proposed the use of a large language model (LLM) to generate reward functions in reinforcement…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Runhao Zeng , Dingjie Zhou , Qiwei Liang , Junlin Liu , Hui Li , Changxin Huang , Jianqiang Li , Xiping Hu , Fuchun Sun

Recent strides in large language models (LLMs) have yielded remarkable performance, leveraging reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) to significantly enhance generation and alignment capabilities. However, RLHF encounters…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Kuo Liao , Shuang Li , Meng Zhao , Liqun Liu , Mengge Xue , Zhenyu Hu , Honglin Han , Chengguo Yin

We introduce two new benchmarks REST and REST+ (Render-Equivalence Stress Tests) to enable systematic evaluation of cross-modal inconsistency in multimodal large language models (MLLMs). MLLMs are trained to represent vision and language in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Angela van Sprang , Laurens Samson , Ana Lucic , Erman Acar , Sennay Ghebreab , Yuki M. Asano

Recent advancements in reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) have significantly improved the complex reasoning ability of vision-language models (VLMs). However, its outcome-level supervision is too coarse to diagnose and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Yingqian Min , Kun Zhou , Yifan Li , Yuhuan Wu , Han Peng , Yifan Du , Wayne Xin Zhao , Min Yang , Ji-Rong Wen

Pre-trained Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are able to understand visual concepts, describe and decompose complex tasks into sub-tasks, and provide feedback on task completion. In this paper, we aim to leverage these capabilities to support…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-08 David Venuto , Sami Nur Islam , Martin Klissarov , Doina Precup , Sherry Yang , Ankit Anand

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have displayed remarkable performance in multi-modal tasks, particularly in visual comprehension. However, we reveal that MLLMs often generate incorrect answers even when they understand the visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Yexin Liu , Zhengyang Liang , Yueze Wang , Xianfeng Wu , Feilong Tang , Muyang He , Jian Li , Zheng Liu , Harry Yang , Sernam Lim , Bo Zhao

Since the resurgence of deep learning, vision-language models (VLMs) enhanced by large language models (LLMs) have grown exponentially in popularity. However, while LLMs can utilize extensive background knowledge and task information with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Haozhe Zhao , Zefan Cai , Shuzheng Si , Xiaojian Ma , Kaikai An , Liang Chen , Zixuan Liu , Sheng Wang , Wenjuan Han , Baobao Chang

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) are pivotal for real-world AI tasks like embodied intelligence due to their strong vision-language reasoning abilities. However, current LVLMs process entire images at the token level, which is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Run Luo , Renke Shan , Longze Chen , Ziqiang Liu , Lu Wang , Min Yang , Xiaobo Xia

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive in-context learning (ICL) capabilities from few-shot demonstration exemplars. While recent learning-based demonstration selection methods have proven beneficial to ICL by choosing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Hui Liu , Wenya Wang , Hao Sun , Chris Xing Tian , Chenqi Kong , Xin Dong , Haoliang Li

Although instruction-tuned large language models (LLMs) have exhibited remarkable capabilities across various NLP tasks, their effectiveness on other data modalities beyond text has not been fully studied. In this work, we propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Chenyang Lyu , Minghao Wu , Longyue Wang , Xinting Huang , Bingshuai Liu , Zefeng Du , Shuming Shi , Zhaopeng Tu

Reward models are central to aligning large language models, yet they often overfit to spurious cues such as response length and overly agreeable tone. Most prior work weakens these cues directly by penalizing or controlling specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Yunsheng Lu , Zijiang Yang , Licheng Pan , Zhixuan Chu

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in multimodal understanding, yet their positional encoding mechanisms remain suboptimal. Existing approaches uniformly assign positional indices to all tokens, overlooking…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Ruoxiang Huang , Zhen Yuan

Instruction-guided image editing has achieved remarkable progress, yet current models still face challenges with complex instructions and often require multiple samples to produce a desired result. Reinforcement Learning (RL) offers a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Xin Luo , Jiahao Wang , Chenyuan Wu , Shitao Xiao , Xiyan Jiang , Defu Lian , Jiajun Zhang , Dong Liu , Zheng liu

We present GLM-4.1V-Thinking, GLM-4.5V, and GLM-4.6V, a family of vision-language models (VLMs) designed to advance general-purpose multimodal understanding and reasoning. In this report, we share our key findings in the development of the…

Improving the multi-step reasoning ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) is a critical yet challenging task. The dominant paradigm, outcome-supervised reinforcement learning (RLVR), rewards only correct final answers, often propagating…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Beining Wang , Weihang Su , Hongtao Tian , Tao Yang , Yujia Zhou , Ting Yao , Qingyao Ai , Yiqun Liu

As Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) gain widespread applicability, it is becoming increasingly desirable to adapt them for diverse user needs. In this paper, we study the adaptation of MLLMs through controlled decoding. To achieve…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Oscar Mañas , Pierluca D'Oro , Koustuv Sinha , Adriana Romero-Soriano , Michal Drozdzal , Aishwarya Agrawal

Reward models are central to both reinforcement learning (RL) with language models and inference-time verification. However, existing reward models often lack temporal consistency, leading to ineffective policy updates and unstable RL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Dan Zhang , Min Cai , Jonathan Light , Ziniu Hu , Yisong Yue , Jie Tang

Recent text-guided image editing (TIE) models have achieved remarkable progress, however, many edited results still suffer from artifacts, unintended modifications, and suboptimal aesthetics. Although several benchmarks and evaluation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Honghua Chen , Zitong Xu , Huiyu Duan , Xinyun Zhang , Xiongkuo Min , Guangtao Zhai

Reward modeling has become a cornerstone of aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. Yet, when extended to subjective and open-ended domains such as role play, existing reward models exhibit severe degradation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Hang Ding , Qiming Feng , Dongqi Liu , Qi Zhao , Tao Yao , Shuo Wang , Dongsheng Chen , Jian Li , Zhenye Gan , Jiangning Zhang , Chengjie Wang , Yabiao Wang

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown promising advancements in general visual and language understanding. However, the representation of multimodal information using MLLMs remains largely unexplored. In this work, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Ting Jiang , Minghui Song , Zihan Zhang , Haizhen Huang , Weiwei Deng , Feng Sun , Qi Zhang , Deqing Wang , Fuzhen Zhuang