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When controlling multi-agent systems, the trade-off between performance and scalability is a major challenge. Here, we address this difficulty by using mean field games (MFGs), which is a framework that deduces the macroscopic dynamics…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-08-06 Daisuke Inoue , Yuji Ito , Takahito Kashiwabara , Norikazu Saito , Hiroaki Yoshida

Non-cooperative and cooperative games with a very large number of players have many applications but remain generally intractable when the number of players increases. Introduced by Lasry and Lions, and Huang, Caines and Malham\'e, Mean…

In this paper, we study the long-time behavior of mean field game (MFG) systems influenced by a common noise. While classical results establish the convergence of deterministic MFG towards stationary solutions under suitable monotonicity…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-09-23 Pierre Cardaliaguet , Raphaël Maillet , Wenbin Yan

Mean Field Games (MFG) provide a theoretical frame to model socio-economic systems. In this letter, we study a particular class of MFG which shows strong analogies with the {\em non-linear Schr\"odinger and Gross-Pitaevski equations}…

Physics and Society · Physics 2016-03-30 Igor Swiecicki , Thierry Gobron , Denis Ullmo

Mean-field games (MFGs) are models for large populations of competing rational agents that seek to optimize a suitable functional. In the case of congestion, this functional takes into account the difficulty of moving in high-density areas.…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2017-10-05 David Evangelista , Rita Ferreira , Diogo A. Gomes , Levon Nurbekyan , Vardan Voskanyan

Mean Field Game (MFG) models implicitly assume "rational expectations", meaning that the heterogeneous agents being modeled correctly know all relevant transition probabilities for the complex system they inhabit. When there is common…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-02-26 Benjamin Moll , Lenya Ryzhik

The mean field games (MFG) theory has broad application in mathematical modeling of social phenomena. The Mean Field Games System (MFGS) is the key to the MFG theory. This is a system of two nonlinear parabolic partial differential…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2024-02-26 Michael V. Klibanov , Jingzhi Li , Hongyu Liu

In this article we consider finite Mean Field Games (MFGs), i.e. with finite time and finite states. We adopt the framework introduced in Gomes Mohr and Souza in 2010, and study two seemly unexplored subjects. In the first one, we analyze…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-05-16 Saeed Hadikhanloo , Francisco José Silva

Learning the behavior of large agent populations is an important task for numerous research areas. Although the field of multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has made significant progress towards solving these systems, solutions for…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Christian Fabian , Kai Cui , Heinz Koeppl

We consider deterministic mean field games where the dynamics of a typical agent is non-linear with respect to the state variable and affine with respect to the control variable. Particular instances of the problem considered here are mean…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-12-21 Justina Gianatti , Francisco J. Silva

In this paper, we propose and study an inverse boundary problem for the mean field games (MFGs) governed by the first-order master equation in a bounded domain. We establish the unique identifiability result by showing that the running cost…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2022-12-21 Hongyu Liu , Shen Zhang

Mean-field games (MFGs) are models of large populations of rational agents who seek to optimize an objective function that takes into account their location and the distribution of the remaining agents. Here, we consider stationary MFGs…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2016-11-28 David Evangelista , Diogo A. Gomes

This paper considers mean field games in a multi-agent Markov decision process (MDP) framework. Each player has a continuum state and binary action, and benefits from the improvement of the condition of the overall population. Based on an…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-01-05 Minyi Huang , Yan Ma

This paper introduces a framework of Constrained Mean-Field Games (CMFGs), where each agent solves a constrained Markov decision process (CMDP). This formulation captures scenarios in which agents' strategies are subject to feasibility,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-15 Anran Hu , Zijiu Lyu

We consider a stationary Mean Field Games system defined on a network. In this framework, the transition conditions at the vertices play a crucial role: the ones here considered are based on the optimal control interpretation of the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2015-05-20 Fabio Camilli , Claudio Marchi

The mean-field framework has been used to find approximate solutions to problems involving very large populations of symmetric, anonymous agents, which may be intractable by other methods. The cooperative mean-field control (MFC) problem…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Patrick Benjamin , Alessandro Abate

In this paper, we use mean field games (MFGs) to investigate approximations of $N$-player games with uniformly symmetrically continuous heterogeneous closed-loop actions. To incorporate agents' risk aversion (beyond the classical expected…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-09-26 Ziteng Cheng , Sebastian Jaimungal

This paper considers mean field games in a multi-agent Markov decision process (MDP) framework. Each player has a continuum state and binary action. By active control, a player can bring its state to a resetting point. All players are…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-01-25 Minyi Huang , Yan Ma

Here, we consider numerical methods for stationary mean-field games (MFG) and investigate two classes of algorithms. The first one is a gradient-flow method based on the variational characterization of certain MFG. The second one uses…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2015-11-23 Noha Almulla , Rita Ferreira , Diogo Gomes

Mean field games (MFG) and mean field control (MFC) are critical classes of multi-agent models for efficient analysis of massive populations of interacting agents. Their areas of application span topics in economics, finance, game theory,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-08 Lars Ruthotto , Stanley Osher , Wuchen Li , Levon Nurbekyan , Samy Wu Fung