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The increasing prevalence of multi-agent learning systems in society necessitates understanding how to learn effective and safe policies in general-sum multi-agent environments against a variety of opponents, including self-play.…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Jake Levi , Chris Lu , Timon Willi , Christian Schroeder de Witt , Jakob Foerster

One of the proposed solutions to the equilibrium selection problem for agents learning in repeated games is obtained via the notion of stochastic stability. Learning algorithms are perturbed so that the Markov chain underlying the learning…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2012-07-09 John Wicks , Amy Greenwald

This paper focuses on analyzing the finite-time convergence of a nonlinear consensus algorithm for multi-agent networks with unknown inherent nonlinear dynamics. Due to the existence of the unknown inherent nonlinear dynamics, the stability…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2013-02-21 Yongcan Cao , Wei Ren

Cooperation is fundamental in Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) and Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL), often requiring agents to balance individual gains with collective rewards. In this regard, this paper aims to investigate strategies to…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Vaigarai Sathi , Sabahat Shaik , Jaswanth Nidamanuri

Suppose an online platform wants to compare a treatment and control policy, e.g., two different matching algorithms in a ridesharing system, or two different inventory management algorithms in an online retail site. Standard randomized…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-12-27 Peter Glynn , Ramesh Johari , Mohammad Rasouli

This paper studies two important signal processing aspects of equilibrium behavior in non-cooperative games arising in social networks, namely, reinforcement learning and detection of equilibrium play. The first part of the paper presents a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-01-07 Omid Namvar Gharehshiran , William Hoiles , Vikram Krishnamurthy

In multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) and game theory, agents repeatedly interact and revise their strategies as new data arrives, producing a sequence of strategy profiles. This paper studies sequences of strategies satisfying a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Bora Yongacoglu , Gürdal Arslan , Lacra Pavel , Serdar Yüksel

Recent developments in deep reinforcement learning are concerned with creating decision-making agents which can perform well in various complex domains. A particular approach which has received increasing attention is multi-agent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-13 Georgios Papoudakis , Filippos Christianos , Arrasy Rahman , Stefano V. Albrecht

Game-theoretic solution concepts, such as the Nash equilibrium, have been key to finding stable joint actions in multi-player games. However, it has been shown that the dynamics of agents' interactions, even in simple two-player games with…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Natalia Koliou , George Vouros

Imitation is widely observed in populations of decision-making agents. Using our recent convergence results for asynchronous imitation dynamics on networks, we consider how such networks can be efficiently driven to a desired equilibrium…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-04-17 James Riehl , Pouria Ramazi , Ming Cao

Coordination games admit two types of equilibria: pure equilibria, where all players successfully coordinate their actions, and mixed equilibria, where players frequently experience miscoordination. The existing literature shows that under…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-01-28 Srinivas Arigapudi , Yuval Heller , Amnon Schreiber

The behaviour of multi-agent learning in competitive settings is often considered under the restrictive assumption of a zero-sum game. Only under this strict requirement is the behaviour of learning well understood; beyond this, learning…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Aamal Hussain , Francesco Belardinelli , Georgios Piliouras

We study the aggregate welfare and individual regret guarantees of dynamic \emph{pacing algorithms} in the context of repeated auctions with budgets. Such algorithms are commonly used as bidding agents in Internet advertising platforms,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Jason Gaitonde , Yingkai Li , Bar Light , Brendan Lucier , Aleksandrs Slivkins

While multi-agent trust region algorithms have achieved great success empirically in solving coordination tasks, most of them, however, suffer from a non-stationarity problem since agents update their policies simultaneously. In contrast, a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Xihuai Wang , Zheng Tian , Ziyu Wan , Ying Wen , Jun Wang , Weinan Zhang

This paper considers the distributed consensus problem of linear multi-agent systems subject to different matching uncertainties for both the cases without and with a leader of bounded unknown control input. Due to the existence of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2013-12-31 Zhongkui Li , Zhisheng Duan , Frank Lewis

Mean field equilibrium (MFE) has emerged as a computationally tractable solution concept for large dynamic games. However, computing MFE remains challenging due to nonlinearities and the absence of contraction properties, limiting its…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-06-23 Bar Light

A multi-agent system operates in an uncertain environment about which agents have different and time varying beliefs that, as time progresses, converge to a common belief. A global utility function that depends on the realized state of the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-02-08 Ceyhun Eksin , Alejandro Ribeiro

To regulate a social system comprised of self-interested agents, economic incentives are often required to induce a desirable outcome. This incentive design problem naturally possesses a bilevel structure, in which a designer modifies the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Boyi Liu , Jiayang Li , Zhuoran Yang , Hoi-To Wai , Mingyi Hong , Yu Marco Nie , Zhaoran Wang

Online multi-agent control problems, where many agents pursue competing and time-varying objectives, are widespread in domains such as autonomous robotics, economics, and energy systems. In these settings, robustness to adversarial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Anas Barakat , John Lazarsfeld , Georgios Piliouras , Antonios Varvitsiotis

Multi-agent learning algorithms have been shown to display complex, unstable behaviours in a wide array of games. In fact, previous works indicate that convergent behaviours are less likely to occur as the total number of agents increases.…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Aamal Hussain , Dan Leonte , Francesco Belardinelli , Georgios Piliouras