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While large language models (LMs) have shown remarkable capabilities across numerous tasks, they often struggle with simple reasoning and planning in physical environments, such as understanding object permanence or planning household…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Jiannan Xiang , Tianhua Tao , Yi Gu , Tianmin Shu , Zirui Wang , Zichao Yang , Zhiting Hu

As the world of agentic artificial intelligence applied to robotics evolves, the need for agents capable of building and retrieving memories and observations efficiently is increasing. Robots operating in complex environments must build…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Paolo Riva , Leonardo Gargani , Matteo Frosi , Matteo Matteucci

LLM-based agents represent a paradigm shift in AI, enabling autonomous systems to plan, reason, and use tools while interacting with dynamic environments. This paper provides the first comprehensive survey of evaluation methods for these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Asaf Yehudai , Lilach Eden , Alan Li , Guy Uziel , Yilun Zhao , Roy Bar-Haim , Arman Cohan , Michal Shmueli-Scheuer

Embodied AI systems, including robots and autonomous vehicles, are increasingly integrated into real-world applications, where they encounter a range of vulnerabilities stemming from both environmental and system-level factors. These…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Wenpeng Xing , Minghao Li , Mohan Li , Meng Han

Recent advances in embodied AI highlight the potential of vision language models (VLMs) as agents capable of perception, reasoning, and interaction in complex environments. However, top-performing systems rely on large-scale models that are…

Embodied AI Agents are quickly becoming important and common tools in society. These embodied agents should be able to learn about and accomplish a wide range of user goals and preferences efficiently and robustly. Large Language Models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Rachel Ma , Jingyi Qu , Andreea Bobu , Dylan Hadfield-Menell

Vision Language Models (VLMs) demonstrate significant potential as embodied AI agents for various mobility applications. However, a standardized, closed-loop benchmark for evaluating their spatial reasoning and sequential decision-making…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Weizhen Wang , Chenda Duan , Zhenghao Peng , Yuxin Liu , Bolei Zhou

While large vision-language models (VLMs) are increasingly adopted as the perceptual backbone for embodied agents, existing benchmarks often rely on question-answering or multiple-choice formats. These protocols allow models to exploit…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Haozhe Shan , Xiancong Ren , Han Dong , Haoyuan Shi , Yingji Zhang , Jiayu Hu , Yi Zhang , Yong Dai , Bin Shen , Lizhen Qu , Zenglin Xu , Xiaozhu Ju

Foundation models, including large language models (LLMs) and vision-language models (VLMs), have recently enabled novel approaches to robot autonomy and human-robot interfaces. In parallel, vision-language-action models (VLAs) or large…

This survey and application guide to multimodal large language models(MLLMs) explores the rapidly developing field of MLLMs, examining their architectures, applications, and impact on AI and Generative Models. Starting with foundational…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Chia Xin Liang , Pu Tian , Caitlyn Heqi Yin , Yao Yua , Wei An-Hou , Li Ming , Xinyuan Song , Tianyang Wang , Ziqian Bi , Ming Liu

This paper investigates the problem of understanding dynamic 3D scenes from egocentric observations, a key challenge in robotics and embodied AI. Unlike prior studies that explored this as long-form video understanding and utilized…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Yue Fan , Xiaojian Ma , Rongpeng Su , Jun Guo , Rujie Wu , Xi Chen , Qing Li

Recent progress in embodied AI has produced a growing ecosystem of robot policies, foundation models, and modular runtimes. However, current evaluation remains dominated by task success metrics such as completion rate or manipulation…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Xue Qin , Simin Luan , John See , Cong Yang , Zhijun Li

Embodied AI requires agents to understand goals, plan actions, and execute tasks in simulated environments. We present a comprehensive evaluation of Large Language Models (LLMs) on the VirtualHome benchmark using the Embodied Agent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Jiaqi Xu , Tao Huang , Kai Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit substantial promise in enhancing task-planning capabilities within embodied agents due to their advanced reasoning and comprehension. However, the systemic safety of these agents remains an underexplored…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Yuting Huang , Leilei Ding , Zhipeng Tang , Tianfu Wang , Xinrui Lin , Wuyang Zhang , Mingxiao Ma , Yanyong Zhang

While multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have made groundbreaking progress in embodied intelligence, they still face significant challenges in spatial reasoning for complex long-horizon tasks. To address this gap, we propose…

Recent breakthroughs in large multimodal models (LMMs) have significantly advanced both text-to-image (T2I) generation and image-to-text (I2T) interpretation. However, many generated images still suffer from issues related to perceptual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Jiarui Wang , Huiyu Duan , Yu Zhao , Juntong Wang , Guangtao Zhai , Xiongkuo Min

Human beings possess the capability to multiply a melange of multisensory cues while actively exploring and interacting with the 3D world. Current multi-modal large language models, however, passively absorb sensory data as inputs, lacking…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Yining Hong , Zishuo Zheng , Peihao Chen , Yian Wang , Junyan Li , Chuang Gan

Existing MLLM benchmarks face significant challenges in evaluating Unified MLLMs (U-MLLMs) due to: 1) lack of standardized benchmarks for traditional tasks, leading to inconsistent comparisons; 2) absence of benchmarks for mixed-modality…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Wulin Xie , Yi-Fan Zhang , Chaoyou Fu , Yang Shi , Bingyan Nie , Hongkai Chen , Zhang Zhang , Liang Wang , Tieniu Tan

We introduce iFlyBot-VLM, a general-purpose Vision-Language Model (VLM) used to improve the domain of Embodied Intelligence. The central objective of iFlyBot-VLM is to bridge the cross-modal semantic gap between high-dimensional…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Xin Nie , Zhiyuan Cheng , Yuan Zhang , Chao Ji , Jiajia Wu , Yuhan Zhang , Jia Pan

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have enabled the emergence of general-purpose agents for automating end-to-end machine learning (ML) workflows, including data analysis, feature engineering, model training, and competition…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Hangyi Jia , Yuxi Qian , Hanwen Tong , Xinhui Wu , Lin Chen , Feng Wei