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We settle the Polynomial Freiman--Ruzsa (PFR/Marton) conjecture for the integers and for cyclic groups. More precisely, we show that if $A$ is a finite subset of $\mathbb{Z}$ or $\mathbb{Z}/N\mathbb{Z}$ with $|A+A| \le K|A|$, then there is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-10 Mohammad Taha Kazemi Moghadam

Let G be a finite abelian group of torsion r and let A be a subset of G. The Freiman--Ruzsa theorem asserts that if |A+A| < K|A| then A is contained in a coset of a subgroup of G of size at most r^{K^4}K^2|A|. It was conjectured by Ruzsa…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-06-07 Chaim Even-Zohar , Shachar Lovett

Using various results from extremal set theory (interpreted in the language of additive combinatorics), we prove an asyptotically sharp version of Freiman's theorem in F_2^n: if A in F_2^n is a set for which |A + A| <= K|A| then A is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Ben Green , Terence Tao

Let $p$ be a prime. One formulation of the Polynomial Freiman-Ruzsa conjecture over $\mathbb{F}_p$ can be stated as follows. If $\phi : \mathbb{F}_p^n \rightarrow \mathbb{F}_p^N$ is a function such that $\phi(x+y) - \phi(x) - \phi(y)$ takes…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-02-04 James Aaronson

We prove a Freiman--Ruzsa-type theorem with polynomial bounds in arbitrary abelian groups with bounded torsion, thereby proving (in full generality) a conjecture of Marton. Specifically, let $G$ be an abelian group of torsion $m$ (meaning…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-05-22 W. T. Gowers , Ben Green , Freddie Manners , Terence Tao

Let $A$ be a finite subset of an abelian group $G$, and suppose that $|A+A|\leq K|A|$. We show that for any $\epsilon>0$, there exists a constant $C_\epsilon$ such that $A$ can be covered by at most $\exp(C_\epsilon \log(2K)^{1+\epsilon})$…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-02 Rushil Raghavan

A conjecture of Marton, widely known as the polynomial Freiman-Ruzsa conjecture, was recently proved by Gowers, Green, Manners and Tao for any bounded-torsion Abelian group $G$. In this paper we show a few simple modifications that improve…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-04-16 Jyun-Jie Liao

We prove algorithmic versions of the polynomial Freiman-Ruzsa theorem of Gowers, Green, Manners, and Tao (Annals of Mathematics, 2025) in additive combinatorics. In particular, we give classical and quantum polynomial-time algorithms that,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-03 Srinivasan Arunachalam , Davi Castro-Silva , Arkopal Dutt , Tom Gur

We show that a finite set of integers $A \subseteq \mathbb{Z}$ with $|A+A| \le K |A|$ contains a large piece $X \subseteq A$ with Fre\u{i}man dimension $O(\log K)$, where large means $|A|/|X| \ll \exp(O(\log^2 K))$. This can be thought of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-06-06 Freddie Manners

In 1971, Ruzsa conjectured that if $f:\ \mathbb{N}\rightarrow\mathbb{Z}$ with $f(n+k)\equiv f(n)$ mod $k$ for every $n,k\in\mathbb{N}$ and $f(n)=O(\theta^n)$ with $\theta<e$ then $f$ is a polynomial. In this paper, we investigate the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-10-21 Jason P. Bell , Khoa D. Nguyen

We study the rationality of the Artin-Mazur zeta function of a dynamical system defined by a polynomial self-map of A^1(k), where k is the algebraic closure of the finite field F_p. The zeta functions of the maps f(x)=x^m for (p,m)=1 and…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2012-05-15 Andrew Bridy

Freiman's $3k-4$ Theorem states that if a subset $A$ of $k$ integers has a Minkowski sum $A+A$ of size at most $3k-4$, then it must be contained in a short arithmetic progression. We prove a function field analogue that is also a…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-10-01 Alain Couvreur , Gilles Zémor

We provide algorithmic versions of the Polynomial Freiman-Ruzsa theorem of Gowers, Green, Manners, and Tao (Ann. of Math., 2025). In particular, we give a polynomial-time algorithm that, given a set $A \subseteq \mathbb{F}_2^n$ with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-07 Davi Castro-Silva , Jop Briët , Srinivasan Arunachalam , Arkopal Dutt , Tom Gur

We prove some new instances of a conjecture of Bachoc, Couvreur and Z\'emor that generalizes Freiman's $3k-4$ Theorem to a multiplicative version in a function field setting. As a consequence we find that if $F$ is a rational function field…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-05-20 Mieke Wessel

Motivated by the Polynomial Freiman-Ruzsa (PFR) Conjecture, we develop a theory of locality in sumsets, with applications to John-type approximation and sets with small doubling. First we show that if $A \subset \mathbb{Z}$ with $|A+A| \le…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-03-05 Peter van Hintum , Peter Keevash

We prove a Freiman-Ruzsa-type theorem valid in an arbitrary nilpotent group. Specifically, we show that a K-approximate subgroup A of an s-step nilpotent group G is contained in a coset nilprogression of rank at most f(K) and cardinality at…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-09-25 Matthew Tointon

Let $K_{q^n}(a)$ be a Kloosterman sum over the finite field $\F_{q^n}$ of characteristic $p$. In this note so called subfield conjecture is proved in case $p>3$: if $a\ne0$ belongs to the proper subfield $\F_q$ of $\F_{q^n}$, then…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2009-04-16 Marko Moisio

We establish the \emph{inverse conjecture for the Gowers norm over finite fields}, which asserts (roughly speaking) that if a bounded function $f: V \to \C$ on a finite-dimensional vector space $V$ over a finite field $\F$ has large Gowers…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-09-09 Terence Tao , Tamar Ziegler

Let $A$ be an abelian variety over a global field $K$ of characteristic $p \ge 0$. If $A$ has nontrivial (resp. full) $K$-rational $l$-torsion for a prime $l \neq p$, we exploit the fppf cohomological interpretation of the $l$-Selmer group…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-02-20 Kestutis Cesnavicius

In this paper, we strengthen a result by Green about an analogue of Sarkozy's theorem in the setting of polynomial rings $\mathbb{F}_q[x]$. In the integer setting, for a given polynomial $F \in \mathbb{Z}[x]$ with constant term zero, (a…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-04-29 Anqi Li , Lisa Sauermann
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