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Large language model-based agents are becoming increasingly popular as a low-cost mechanism to provide personalized, conversational advice, and have demonstrated impressive capabilities in relatively simple scenarios, such as movie…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Takehiro Takayanagi , Kiyoshi Izumi , Javier Sanz-Cruzado , Richard McCreadie , Iadh Ounis

A long-standing challenge in developing accurate recommendation models is simulating user behavior, mainly due to the complex and stochastic nature of user interactions. Towards this, one promising line of work has been the use of Large…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Himanshu Thakur , Eshani Agrawal , Smruthi Mukund

Language models (LMs) are pretrained to imitate internet text, including content that would violate human preferences if generated by an LM: falsehoods, offensive comments, personally identifiable information, low-quality or buggy code, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Tomasz Korbak , Kejian Shi , Angelica Chen , Rasika Bhalerao , Christopher L. Buckley , Jason Phang , Samuel R. Bowman , Ethan Perez

Recent advances in large language models have highlighted their potential for personalized recommendation, where accurately capturing user preferences remains a key challenge. Leveraging their strong reasoning and generalization…

Personalized alignments for individual users have been a long-standing goal in large language models (LLMs). We introduce Drift, a novel framework that personalizes LLMs at decoding time with implicit user preferences. Traditional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Minbeom Kim , Kang-il Lee , Seongho Joo , Hwaran Lee , Thibaut Thonet , Kyomin Jung

We explore the viability of Large Language Models (LLMs), specifically OpenAI's GPT-3.5 and GPT-4, in emulating human survey respondents and eliciting preferences, with a focus on intertemporal choices. Leveraging the extensive literature…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Ali Goli , Amandeep Singh

A common technique for aligning large language models (LLMs) relies on acquiring human preferences by comparing multiple generations conditioned on a fixed context. This method, however, relies solely on pairwise comparisons, where the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Hritik Bansal , Ashima Suvarna , Gantavya Bhatt , Nanyun Peng , Kai-Wei Chang , Aditya Grover

Generating images with a Text-to-Image model often requires multiple trials, where human users iteratively update their prompt based on feedback, namely the output image. Taking inspiration from cognitive work on reference games and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Shachar Don-Yehiya , Leshem Choshen , Omri Abend

Human feedback is commonly utilized to finetune AI assistants. But human feedback may also encourage model responses that match user beliefs over truthful ones, a behaviour known as sycophancy. We investigate the prevalence of sycophancy in…

Large language models (LLMs) are used to generate content for a wide range of tasks, and are set to reach a growing audience in coming years due to integration in product interfaces like ChatGPT or search engines like Bing. This intensifies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-10 Hannah Rose Kirk , Bertie Vidgen , Paul Röttger , Scott A. Hale

An important aspect of developing LLMs that interact with humans is to align models' behavior to their users. It is possible to prompt an LLM into behaving as a certain persona, especially a user group or ideological persona the model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-25 EunJeong Hwang , Bodhisattwa Prasad Majumder , Niket Tandon

Modern large language models (LLMs) are typically trained and deployed using structured role tags (e.g. system, user, assistant, tool) that explicitly mark the source of each piece of context. While these tags are essential for instruction…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Xu Pan , Jingxuan Fan , Zidi Xiong , Ely Hahami , Jorin Overwiening , Ziqian Xie

Interactions with AI assistants are increasingly personalized to individual users. As AI personalization is dynamic and machine-learning-driven, we have limited understanding of how personalization affects interaction outcomes and user…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Maximilian Eder , Clemens Lechner , Maurice Jakesch

We study the problem of aligning a generative model's response with a user's preferences. Recent works have proposed several different formulations for personalized alignment; however, they either require a large amount of user preference…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Victor-Alexandru Pădurean , Parameswaran Kamalaruban , Nachiket Kotalwar , Alkis Gotovos , Adish Singla

Imbuing Large Language Models (LLMs) with specific personas is prevalent for tailoring interaction styles, yet the impact on underlying cognitive capabilities remains unexplored. We employ the Neuron-based Personality Trait Induction (NPTI)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Jiaqi Chen , Ming Wang , Tingna Xie , Shi Feng , Yongkang Liu

While Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) is widely used to align Large Language Models (LLMs) with human preferences, it typically assumes homogeneous preferences across users, overlooking diverse human values and minority…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Yijiang River Dong , Tiancheng Hu , Yinhong Liu , Ahmet Üstün , Nigel Collier

Generative AI models differ from traditional machine learning tools in that they allow users to provide as much or as little information as they choose in their inputs. This flexibility often leads users to omit certain details, relying on…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Charlotte Park , Kate Donahue , Manish Raghavan

As users increasingly expect LLMs to align with their preferences, personalized information becomes valuable. However, personalized information can be a double-edged sword: it can improve interaction but may compromise objectivity and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Xiaoyou Liu , Xinyi Mou , Shengbin Yue , Liang Wang , Yuqing Wang , Qiexiang Wang , Tianrui Qin , Zhongyu Wei

Reasoning in humans is prone to biases due to underlying motivations like identity protection, that undermine rational decision-making and judgment. This \textit{motivated reasoning} at a collective level can be detrimental to society when…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Saloni Dash , Amélie Reymond , Emma S. Spiro , Aylin Caliskan

Large Language Model (LLM) personalization aims to align model behaviors with individual user preferences. Existing methods often focus on isolated user histories, neglecting the essential role of inter-user differences. We propose C-BPO, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Xilai Ma , Liye Zhao , Weijun Yao , Haibing Di , Wenya Wang , Jing Li