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Quantum communication has seen rapid progress towards practical large-scale networks, with quantum key distribution (QKD) spearheading this development. While fibre based systems have been shown to be well suited for metropolitan scales,…

Existing quantum routing implicitly mimics classical routing principles, with finding the ``best'' path (aka pathfinding), according to a selected routing metric, as a core mechanism for establishing end-to-end entanglement. However,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-30 Si-Yi Chen , Angela Sara Cacciapuoti , Marcello Caleffi

Two different models for performing efficiently routing of a quantum state are presented. Both cases involve an XX spin chain working as data bus and additional spins that play the role of sender and receivers, one of which is selected to…

This paper presents a novel hybrid approach to solving real-world drone routing problems by leveraging the capabilities of quantum computing. The proposed method, coined Quantum for Drone Routing (Q4DR), integrates the two most prominent…

To realize a global quantum Internet, there is a need for communication between quantum subnetworks. To accomplish this task, there have been multiple design proposals for a quantum backbone network and quantum subnetworks. In this work, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-31 Francesco Vista , Daniel Holme , Stephen DiAdamo

Quantum networks offer a unifying set of opportunities and challenges across exciting intellectual and technical frontiers, including for quantum computation, communication, and metrology. The realization of quantum networks composed of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 H. J. Kimble

Internet-scale quantum repeater networks will be heterogeneous in physical technology, repeater functionality, and management. The classical control necessary to use the network will therefore face similar issues as Internet data…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-21 Rodney Van Meter , Joe Touch , Dominic Horsman

Quantum repeaters are enabling technologies for long-distance quantum communications. Despite the significant progress in the field, we still not only face implementation challenges but also need theoretical solutions that better meet all…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-04 Javier Rey-Domínguez , Mohsen Razavi

Recent technological advancements in satellite based quantum communication has made it a promising technology for realizing global scale quantum networks. Due to better loss distance scaling compared to ground based fiber communication,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-27 Nitish K. Panigrahy , Prajit Dhara , Don Towsley , Saikat Guha , Leandros Tassiulas

Satellite quantum communication is a promising way to build long distance quantum links, making it an essential complement to optical fiber for quantum internetworking beyond metropolitan scales. A satellite point to point optical link…

The Quantum Internet, by enabling quantum communications among remote quantum nodes, is a network capable of supporting functionalities with no direct counterpart in the classical world. Indeed, with the network and communications…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-03 Daniele Cuomo , Marcello Caleffi , Angela Sara Cacciapuoti

We define the entanglement-gradient routing scheme for quantum repeater networks. The routing framework fuses the fundamentals of swarm intelligence and quantum Shannon theory. Swarm intelligence provides nature-inspired solutions for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-24 Laszlo Gyongyosi , Sandor Imre

Routing in wireless communication networks is shaped by mobility, interference, congestion, and competing service requirements, making route selection a high-dimensional constrained optimization problem rather than a simple shortest-path…

In this paper, we consider quantum key distribution (QKD) in a quantum network with both quantum repeaters and a small number of trusted nodes. In contrast to current QKD networks with only trusted nodes and the true Quantum Internet with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-07 Omar Amer , Walter O. Krawec , Victoria U. Manfredi , Bing Wang

Quantum networks are envisioned to enable reliable distribution and manipulation of quantum information across distances, forming the foundation of a future quantum internet. The fair and efficient allocation of communication resources in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-13 Sounak Kar , Arpan Mukhopadhyay

Quantum communication is the most secure technique of transmitting data available today. Fiber communication lines and satellite-to-ground links have served as the basis for the most successful quantum networks that have been developed so…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Adarsh Kumar , Ali Ismail Awad , Gaurav Sharma , Rajalakshmi Krishnamurthi , Saurabh Jain , P. Srikanth , Kriti Sharma , Mustapha Hedabou , Surinder Sood

Quantum networks, capable of transmitting arbitrary quantum states, provide a foundation for a wide range of quantum applications, including distributed quantum computing, distributed quantum sensing, and quantum communication. Photons are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-28 Tian-Xiang Zhu , Xiao Liu , Zong-Quan Zhou , Chuan-Feng Li

The future Quantum Internet is expected to be based on a hybrid architecture with core quantum transport capabilities complemented by conventional networking.Practical and foundational considerations indicate the need for conventional…

Quantum computing networks enable scalable collaboration and secure information exchange among multiple classical and quantum computing nodes while executing large-scale generative AI computation tasks and advanced quantum algorithms.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Minrui Xu , Dusit Niyato , Jiawen Kang , Zehui Xiong , Yuan Cao , Yulan Gao , Chao Ren , Han Yu

The quantum internet is a global network to distribute entanglement and communicate quantum information with applications in cybersecurity, quantum computing, and quantum sensing. Here, we propose building a quantum internet using a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-14 Alireza Shabani