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The establishment of a world-wide quantum communication network relies on the synergistic integration of satellite-based links and fiber-based networks. The first are helpful for long-distance communication, as the photon losses introduced…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-04 Carlo Liorni , Hermann Kampermann , Dagmar Bruß

This paper presents a novel system architecture for hybrid satellite communications, integrating quantum key distribution (QKD) and classical radio frequency (RF) data transmission using a dual-band reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS).…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-08 Muhammad Khalil , Ke Wang , Jinho Choi

A key technical requirement of any future quantum network is the ability to distribute quantum-entangled resources between two spatially separated points at a high rate and high fidelity. Entanglement distribution protocols based on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-03 Nicholas Zaunders , Timothy C. Ralph

In order to broaden the adoption of highly-demanded quantum functionalities such as QKD, there is a need for having quantum signals coexist with classical traffic over the same physical medium, typically optical fibers in already-deployed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-29 Cédric Ware , Mounia Lourdiane

In the upcoming 6G era, existing terrestrial networks have evolved toward space-air-ground integrated networks (SAGIN), providing ultra-high data rates, seamless network coverage, and ubiquitous intelligence for communications of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-20 Minrui Xu , Dusit Niyato , Zehui Xiong , Jiawen Kang , Xianbin Cao , Xuemin Sherman Shen , Chunyan Miao

The industrial transformation of Industry 4 and 5 results in cyber physical production systems that require secure resilient and energy efficient connectivity over integrated terrestrial and nonterrestrial networks NTNs Since its operation…

As quantum key distribution becomes increasingly practical, questions of how to effectively employ it in large-scale networks and over large distances becomes increasingly important. To that end, in this work, we model the performance of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-03 Omar Amer , Walter O. Krawec , Bing Wang

The rate and security of quantum communications between users placed at arbitrary points of a quantum communication network depend on the structure of the network, on its extension and on the nature of the communication channels. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-20 Lorenzo Cirigliano , Valentina Brosco , Claudio Castellano , Claudio Conti , Laura Pilozzi

Quantum communication systems support unique applications in the form of distributed quantum computing, distributed quantum sensing, and several cryptographic protocols. The main enabler in these communication systems is an efficient…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-15 Seid Koudia , Leonardo Oleynik , Mert Bayraktar , Junaid ur Rehman , Symeon Chatzinotas

Quantum computing promises to solve previously intractable problems, with neutral atoms emerging as a promising technology. Zoned neutral atom architectures allow for immense parallelism and higher coherence times by shielding idling atoms…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-15 Yannick Stade , Wan-Hsuan Lin , Jason Cong , Robert Wille

By the blessing of our existing data communication system, we can communicate or share our information with each other in every nook and corner of the world within some few seconds but there are some limitations in our traditional data…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-02 S. M. Rashadul Islam , Md Manirul Islam , Umme Salsabil

Quantum physics is known to allow for completely new ways to create, manipulate and store information. Quantum communication - the ability to transmit quantum information - is a primitive necessary for any quantum internet. At its core,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-06-19 W. J. Munro , A. M. Stephens , S. J. Devitt , K. A. Harrison , Kae Nemoto

After a brief review of spin networks and their interpretation as wave functions for the (space) geometry, we discuss the renormalisation of the area operator in loop quantum gravity. In such a background independent framework, we propose…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Etera R. Livine , Daniel R. Terno

Quantum Key Distribution has become a mature quantum technology that has outgrown dedicated links and is ready to be incorporated into the classical infrastructure. In this scenario with multiple potential nodes, it is crucial having…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-20 Lidia Ruiz , Juan Carlos Garcia-Escartin

In the next generation network, the satellite network will play a fundamental role, in overcoming the limitation of the terrestrial network. Nonetheless, the satellite-terrestrial network integration presents a number of problems due to the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-26 F. Bergamini

In the coming years, quantum networks will allow quantum applications to thrive thanks to the new opportunities offered by end-to-end entanglement of qubits on remote hosts via quantum repeaters. On a geographical scale, this will lead to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-01 Claudio Cicconetti , Marco Conti , Andrea Passarella

We consider multi-path routing of entanglement in quantum networks, where a pre-prepared multipartite entangled 2D cluster state serves as a resource to perform different tasks on demand. We show how to achieve parallel connections between…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-12 Julia Freund , Alexander Pirker , Wolfgang Dür

As quantum theory allows for information processing and computing tasks that otherwise are not possible with classical systems, there is a need and use of quantum Internet beyond existing network systems. At the same time, the realization…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-29 Abhishek Sadhu , Meghana Ayyala Somayajula , Karol Horodecki , Siddhartha Das

Quantum networking is an emerging area with the potential to transform information processing and communications. In this paper, we present a brief introduction to quantum network control, an area in quantum networking dedicated to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-07-30 Víctor Valls , Panagiotis Promponas , Leandros Tassiulas

Coordination in distributed systems is often hampered by communication latency, which degrades performance. Quantum entanglement offers fundamentally stronger correlations than classically achievable without communication. Crucially, these…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-05 Francisco Ferreira da Silva , Stephanie Wehner
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