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Quantum computers will change the cryptographic panorama. A technology once believed to lay far away into the future is increasingly closer to real world applications. Quantum computers will break the algorithms used in our public key…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-07-30 Alejandro Aguado , Victor Lopez , Diego Lopez , Momtchil Peev , Andreas Poppe , Antonio Pastor , Jesus Folgueira , Vicente Martiin

Quantum-resistant cryptography is cryptography that aims to deliver cryptographic functions and protocols that remain secure even if large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computers are built. NIST will soon announce the first selected…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-02 John Preuß Mattsson , Ben Smeets , Erik Thormarker

Radio access networks (RAN) are going through a paradigm shift towards interoperable, intelligent, software-defined, and cloud-native open RAN solutions. A key challenge towards the adoption and deployment of open RAN at scale is…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-17 Lopamudra Kundu , Xingqin Lin , Elena Agostini , Vikrama Ditya

Millimeter wave (mmWave) communications has been recently standardized for use in the fifth generation (5G) of cellular networks, fulfilling the promise of multi-gigabit mobile throughput of current and future mobile radio network…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Eugenio Moro , Gabriele Gemmi , Michele Polese , Leonardo Maccari , Antonio Capone , Tommaso Melodia

In the Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) architecture, a Control Unit (CU) implements the baseband processing functionalities of a cluster of Base Stations (BSs), which are connected to it through a fronthaul network. This architecture…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-10-27 Qing Han , Chenxi Wang , Marco Levorato , Osvaldo Simeone

Nowadays security in communication is increasingly important to the network communication because many categories of data are required restriction on authorization of access, modify, delete and insert. Quantum cryptography is one of the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2011-06-23 Ajit Singh , Nidhi Sharma

Position-based quantum cryptography (PBQC) allows a party to use its geographical location as its only credential to implement various cryptographic protocols. Such a protocol may lead to important applications in practice. Although it has…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-04-29 Bing Qi , George Siopsis

To keep supporting next-generation requirements, the radio access infrastructure will increasingly densify. Cell-free (CF) network architectures are emerging, combining dense deployments with extreme flexibility in allocating resources to…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-01-26 Vida Ranjbar , Adam Girycki , Md Arifur Rahman , Sofie Pollin , Marc Moonen , Evgenii Vinogradov

Limited fronthaul capacity is a practical bottleneck in massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) 5G architectures, where a base station (BS) consists of an advanced antenna system (AAS) connected to a baseband unit (BBU). Conventional…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-05 Yasaman Khorsandmanesh , Emil Bjornson , Joakim Jalden

We introduce the pseudorandom quantum authentication scheme (PQAS), an efficient method for encrypting quantum states that relies solely on the existence of pseudorandom unitaries (PRUs). The scheme guarantees that for any eavesdropper with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-03 Tobias Haug , Nikhil Bansal , Wai-Keong Mok , Dax Enshan Koh , Kishor Bharti

We present a layered and modular network architecture that combines Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) and Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) to provide scalable end-to-end security across long distance multi-hop, trusted-node quantum networks. To…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-14 Paul Spooren , Andreas Neuhold , Sebastian Ramacher , Thomas Hühn

Networks such as the Internet are essential for our connected world. Quantum computing poses a threat to this heterogeneous infrastructure since it threatens fundamental security mechanisms. Therefore, a migration to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Christian Näther , Daniel Herzinger , Stefan-Lukas Gazdag , Jan-Philipp Steghöfer , Simon Daum , Daniel Loebenberger

Cloud-native application platforms and latency-sensitive systems such as 5G Core networks rely heavily on certificate-based Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) and mutual TLS to secure service-to-service communication. While effective, this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Vipin Kumar Rathi , Lakshya Chopra , Nikhil Kumar Rajput

In a world where Quantum Networks are rapidly becoming a reality, the development of the Quantum Internet is gaining increasing interest. Nevertheless, modern quantum networks are still in the early stages of development and have limited…

Spectrum pooling allows multiple operators, or tenants, to share the same frequency bands. This work studies the optimization of spectrum pooling for the downlink of a multi-tenant Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) system in the presence…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-10-18 Seok-Hwan Park , Osvaldo Simeone , Shlomo Shamai

The Open Radio Access Network (RAN) and its embodiment through the O-RAN Alliance specifications are poised to revolutionize the telecom ecosystem. O-RAN promotes virtualized RANs where disaggregated components are connected via open…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-08-03 Michele Polese , Leonardo Bonati , Salvatore D'Oro , Stefano Basagni , Tommaso Melodia

As quantum computing progresses, traditional cryptographic systems face the threat of obsolescence due to the capabilities of quantum algorithms. This paper introduces the Quantum-Ready Architecture for Security and Risk Management…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Abraham Itzhak Weinberg

5G promises enhanced performance-not only in bandwidth and capacity, but also latency and security. Its ultra-reliable low-latency configuration targets round-trip times below 1 ms, while optional security controls extend protection across…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Sotiris Michaelides , Jakub Lapawa , Daniel Eguiguren Chavez , Martin Henze

The Open Radio Access Network (Open RAN) framework, emerging as the cornerstone for Artificial Intelligence (AI)-enabled Sixth-Generation (6G) mobile networks, heralds a transformative shift in radio access network architecture. As the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Sanaz Soltani , Mohammad Shojafar , Ali Amanlou , Rahim Tafazolli

This paper presents the first ever fully open-source implementation of Load Balancing (LB) in an experimental Fifth Generation (5G) New Radio (NR) Standalone (SA) network using Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) architecture. The deployment…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Fahim Bashar , Asheesh Tripathi , Mayukh Roy Chowdhury , Aloizio Da Silva , Alexandre Huff