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The rapid advancement of quantum computing poses a significant threat to modern cryptographic systems, necessitating the transition to Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC). This study evaluates the support for PQC algorithms within nine widely…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Nadeem Ahmed , Lei Zhang , Aryya Gangopadhyay

Over the last few years, Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) has arisen as a transformative architecture for 5G cellular networks that brings the flexibility and agility of cloud computing to wireless communications. At the same time,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-04-11 Tuyen X. Tran , Abolfazl Hajisami , Dario Pompili

Blockchains have gained substantial attention from academia and industry for their ability to facilitate decentralized trust and communications. However, the rapid progress of quantum computing poses a significant threat to the security of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Zebo Yang , Haneen Alfauri , Behrooz Farkiani , Raj Jain , Roberto Di Pietro , Aiman Erbad

Radio access network (RAN) slicing realizes a vision where physical network resources that belong to a specific infrastructure provider can be shared among multiple mobile network operators (MNOs). Existing work in this area has addressed…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-05-21 Salvatore D'Oro , Francesco Restuccia , Tommaso Melodia

The advent of quantum computing poses a significant threat to the foundational cryptographic algorithms that secure modern digital communications. Protocols such as HTTPS, digital certificates, and public key infrastructures (PKIs) heavily…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Arimondo Scrivano

Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) refers to the virtualization of base station functionalities by means of cloud computing. This results in a novel cellular architecture in which low-cost wireless access points, known as radio units (RUs)…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-12-25 Osvaldo Simeone , Andreas Maeder , Mugen Peng , Onur Sahin , Wei Yu

We review new frontiers in information security technologies in communications and distributed storage technologies with the use of classical, quantum, hybrid classical-quantum, and post-quantum cryptography. We analyze the current…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-04-04 I. S. Kabanov , R. R. Yunusov , Y. V. Kurochkin , A. K. Fedorov

While advances in quantum computing promise new opportunities for scientific advancement (e.g., material science and machine learning), many people are not aware that they also threaten the widely deployed cryptographic algorithms that are…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-01-06 Matt Campagna , Brian LaMacchia , David Ott

It is essential to select efficient topology of parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs) in variational quantum algorithms (VQAs). However, there are problems in current circuits, i.e. optimization difficulties caused by too many parameters or…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-22 Wenjie Liu , Qingshan Wu

This work explores the performance and scalability of a hierarchical certificate authority framework with automated certificate issuance employing post-quantum cryptographic (PQC) signature algorithms. The system is designed for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Antonia Tsili , Konstantinos Kordolaimis , Konstantinos Krilakis , Dimitris Syvridis

Owing to some special characteristics and features, blockchain is a very useful technique that can securely organize diverse devices in a smart city. It finds wide applications, especially in distributed environments, where entities such as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-01 Jiahui Chen , Wensheng Gan , Muchuang Hu , Chien-Ming Chen

Standardization of Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) was started by NIST in 2016 and has proceeded to its second elimination round. The upcoming standards are intended to replace (or supplement) current RSA and Elliptic Curve Cryptography…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-16 Markku-Juhani O. Saarinen

Building on the principles of openness and intelligence, there has been a concerted global effort from the operators towards enhancing the radio access network (RAN) architecture. The objective is to build an operator-defined RAN…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-19 Solmaz Niknam , Abhishek Roy , Harpreet S. Dhillon , Sukhdeep Singh , Rahul Banerji , Jeffery H. Reed , Navrati Saxena , Seungil Yoon

Currently, PQC algorithms are being standardized to address the emerging threat to conventional asymmetric algorithms from quantum computing. These new algorithms must then be integrated into existing protocols, applications and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Alexander Zeier , Alexander Wiesmaier , Andreas Heinemann

This paper introduces a hybrid encryption framework combining classical cryptography (EdDSA, ECDH), post-quantum cryptography (ML-DSA-6x5, ML-KEM-768), and Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) via Guardian to counter quantum computing threats.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Amal Raj , Vivek Balachandran

Data-intensive Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications at the network edge demand a fundamental shift in Radio Access Network (RAN) design, from merely consuming AI for network optimization, to actively enabling distributed AI workloads.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Michele Polese , Niloofar Mohamadi , Salvatore D'Oro , Leonardo Bonati , Tommaso Melodia

Biometric authentication has become integral to digital identity systems, particularly in smart cities where it en-ables secure access to services across governance, trans-portation, and public infrastructure. Centralised archi-tectures,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Tooba Qasim , Vasilios A. Siris , Izak Oosthuizen , Muttukrishnan Rajarajan , Sujit Biswas

The fifth-generation of mobile radio technologies is expected to be agile, flexible, and scalable while provisioning ultra-reliable and low-latency communication (uRLLC), enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), and massive machine type…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Sourav Mondal , Marco Ruffini

Block ciphers are versatile cryptographic ingredients that are used in a wide range of applications ranging from secure Internet communications to disk encryption. While post-quantum security of public-key cryptography has received…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Gorjan Alagic , Chen Bai , Christian Majenz , Kaiyan Shi

The development of quantum computing threatens the security of our currently widely deployed cryptographic algorithms. While signicant progress has been made in developing post-quantum cryptography (PQC) standards to protect against future…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Brian LaMacchia , Matt Campagna , William Gropp