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The rapid convergence of artificial intelligence (AI) toward conversational chatbot interfaces marks a critical moment for the industry. This paper argues that the chatbot paradigm is not a neutral interface choice, but a dominant…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Sourojit Ghosh , Pranav Narayanan Venkit , Sanjana Gautam , Avijit Ghosh

With the growing popularity of conversational agents based on large language models (LLMs), we need to ensure their behaviour is ethical and appropriate. Work in this area largely centres around the 'HHH' criteria: making outputs more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Lize Alberts , Geoff Keeling , Amanda McCroskery

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have led to the development of powerful AI chatbots capable of engaging in natural and human-like conversations. However, these chatbots can be potentially harmful, exhibiting manipulative,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Baihan Lin , Djallel Bouneffouf , Guillermo Cecchi , Kush R. Varshney

Conversations with LMs involve two participants: a human user leading the conversation, and an LM assistant responding to the user's request. To satisfy this specific role, LMs are post-trained to be helpful assistants -- optimized to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Tarek Naous , Philippe Laban , Wei Xu , Jennifer Neville

This study investigates the capacity of Large Language Models (LLMs) to infer the Big Five personality traits from free-form user interactions. The results demonstrate that a chatbot powered by GPT-4 can infer personality with moderate…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Heinrich Peters , Moran Cerf , Sandra C. Matz

Chatter on social media is 20% bots and 80% humans. Chatter by bots and humans is consistently different: bots tend to use linguistic cues that can be easily automated while humans use cues that require dialogue understanding. Bots use…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Lynnette Hui Xian Ng , Kathleen M. Carley

Large language models (LLMs) and dialogue agents represent a significant shift in artificial intelligence (AI) research, particularly with the recent release of the GPT family of models. ChatGPT's generative capabilities and versatility…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Skyler Wang , Ned Cooper , Margaret Eby

The majority of conversations a dialogue agent sees over its lifetime occur after it has already been trained and deployed, leaving a vast store of potential training signal untapped. In this work, we propose the self-feeding chatbot, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-14 Braden Hancock , Antoine Bordes , Pierre-Emmanuel Mazaré , Jason Weston

Since 2022, versions of generative AI chatbots such as ChatGPT and Claude have been trained using a specialized technique called Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) to fine-tune language model output using feedback from human…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Shannon Lodoen , Alexi Orchard

Exploring moral dilemmas allows individuals to navigate moral complexity, where a reversal in decision certainty, shifting toward the opposite of one's initial choice, could reflect open-mindedness and less rigidity. This study probes how…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Chenyi Zhang , Zhenhao Zhang , Wei Zhang , Tian Zeng , Black Sun , Jian Zhao , Pengcheng An

Recent studies have demonstrated that large language models (LLMs) have ethical-related problems such as social biases, lack of moral reasoning, and generation of offensive content. The existing evaluation metrics and methods to address…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Masahiro Kaneko , Danushka Bollegala , Timothy Baldwin

Humans are increasingly interacting with machines through language, sometimes in contexts where the user may not know they are talking to a machine (like over the phone or a text chatbot). We aim to understand how system designers and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-08 David Gros , Yu Li , Zhou Yu

With large language models (LLMs) becoming increasingly prevalent in daily life, so too has the tendency to attribute to them human-like minds and emotions, or anthropomorphize them. Here, we investigate dimensions people use to…

AI chatbots have made vast strides in technology improvement in recent years and are already operational in many industries. Advanced Natural Language Processing techniques, based on deep networks, efficiently process user requests to carry…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-17 Nathan Dolbir , Triyasha Dastidar , Kaushik Roy

Recent research on large language models (LLMs) has demonstrated their ability to understand and employ deceptive behavior, even without explicit prompting. However, such behavior has only been observed in rare, specialized cases and has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Laurène Vaugrante , Francesca Carlon , Maluna Menke , Thilo Hagendorff

Large Language Models (LLMs) have created opportunities for designing chatbots that can support complex question-answering (QA) scenarios and improve news audience engagement. However, we still lack an understanding of what roles…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Md Naimul Hoque , Ayman Mahfuz , Mayukha Kindi , Naeemul Hassan

As the capabilities of generative language models continue to advance, the implications of biases ingrained within these models have garnered increasing attention from researchers, practitioners, and the broader public. This article…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Emilio Ferrara

This research examines how the emotional tone of human-AI interactions shapes ChatGPT and human behavior. In a between-subject experiment, we asked participants to express a specific emotion while working with ChatGPT (GPT-4.0) on two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Florence Bernays , Marco Henriques Pereira , Jochen Menges

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs), has opened exciting possibilities for constructing computational simulations designed to replicate human behavior accurately. Current research suggests that LLM-based agents become increasingly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Amir Taubenfeld , Yaniv Dover , Roi Reichart , Ariel Goldstein

Recent advances in technology have allowed an automation system to recognize its errors and repair trust more actively than ever. While previous research has called for further studies of different human factors and design features, their…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-12-05 Peggy Pei-Ying Lu , Makoto Konishi , Shin Sano , Sho Hiruta , Francis Ken Nakagawa
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