English
Related papers

Related papers: Evaluating SAT and SMT Solvers on Large-Scale Sudo…

200 papers

This paper introduces the 2019 version of \us{}, a novel Constraint Programming framework for floating point verification problems expressed with the SMT language of SMTLIB. SMT solvers decompose their task by delegating to specific…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-03-02 Heytem Zitoun , Claude Michel , Laurent Michel , Michel Rueher

We compare the impact of hardware advancement and algorithm advancement for SAT solving over the last two decades. In particular, we compare 20-year-old SAT-solvers on new computer hardware with modern SAT-solvers on 20-year-old hardware.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-07 Johannes K. Fichte , Markus Hecher , Stefan Szeider

The practical success of Boolean Satisfiability (SAT) solvers stems from the CDCL (Conflict-Driven Clause Learning) approach to SAT solving. However, from a propositional proof complexity perspective, CDCL is no more powerful than the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-07-06 Alexey Ignatiev , Antonio Morgado , Joao Marques-Silva

Boolean satisfiability (SAT) is a fundamental NP-complete problem with many applications, including automated planning and scheduling. To solve large instances, SAT solvers have to rely on heuristics, e.g., choosing a branching variable in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-19 Mikhail Shirokikh , Ilya Shenbin , Anton Alekseev , Sergey Nikolenko

Conflict-Driven Clause Learning (CDCL) is the mainstream framework for solving the Satisfiability problem (SAT), and CDCL solvers typically rely on various heuristics, which have a significant impact on their performance. Modern CDCL…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Yiwen Sun , Furong Ye , Xianyin Zhang , Shiyu Huang , Bingzhen Zhang , Ke Wei , Shaowei Cai

In this article we demonstrate how to solve a variety of problems and puzzles using the built-in SAT solver of the computer algebra system Maple. Once the problems have been encoded into Boolean logic, solutions can be found (or shown to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-03-17 Curtis Bright , Jürgen Gerhard , Ilias Kotsireas , Vijay Ganesh

SAT provers are powerful tools for solving real-sized logic problems, but using them requires solid programming knowledge and may be seen w.r.t.\ logic like assembly language w.r.t.\ programming. Something like a high level language was…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2015-07-15 Khaled Skander Ben Slimane , Alexis Comte , Olivier Gasquet , Abdelwahab Heba , Olivier Lezaud , Frederic Maris , Mael Valais

Modern conflict-driven clause-learning (CDCL) Boolean SAT solvers provide efficient automatic analysis of real-world feature models (FM) of systems ranging from cars to operating systems. It is well-known that solver-based analysis of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2015-07-30 Jia Hui Liang , Vijay Ganesh , Venkatesh Raman , Krzysztof Czarnecki

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) achieve strong performance on complex reasoning tasks by generating long Chains of Thought (CoTs). However, this paradigm might incur substantial token overhead, especially when models "overthink" by producing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Zhiyuan He , Dingmin Wang

Recent years have witnessed a wide array of results in software testing, exploring different approaches and methodologies ranging from fuzzers to symbolic engines, with a full spectrum of instances in between such as concolic execution and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-06-14 Luca Borzacchiello , Emilio Coppa , Camil Demetrescu

Modern high-performance SAT solvers quickly solve large satisfiability instances that occur in practice. If the instance is satisfiable, then the SAT solver can provide a witness which can be checked independently in the form of a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-09-05 Cezar-Constantin Andrici , Ştefan Ciobâcă

We present our extension of ACL2 with Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) solvers using ACL2's trusted clause processor mechanism. We are particularly interested in the verification of physical systems including Analog and Mixed-Signal…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-09-22 Yan Peng , Mark Greenstreet

Instances of logical cryptanalysis, circuit verification, and bounded model checking can often be succinctly represented as a combined satisfiability (SAT) problem where an instance is a combination of traditional clauses and parity…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2012-09-11 Tero Laitinen , Tommi Junttila , Ilkka Niemelä

Boolean Satisfiability (SAT) solving underpins a wide range of applications in Electronic Design Automation (EDA), particularly formal verification. However, this paper observes that the mainstream clause reduction heuristic in modern SAT…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Yalun Cai , Xindi Zhang , Zhengyuan Shi , Mengxia Tao , Qiang Xu

In the contexts of automated reasoning (AR) and formal verification (FV), important decision problems are effectively encoded into Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT). In the last decade efficient SMT solvers have been developed for…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-10-23 Roberto Sebastiani , Silvia Tomasi

In this paper, we investigate the strength of six different SAT solvers in attacking various obfuscation schemes. Our investigation revealed that Glucose and Lingeling SAT solvers are generally suited for attacking small-to-midsize…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-05-02 Shervin Roshanisefat , Harshith K. Thirumala , Kris Gaj , Houman Homayoun , Avesta Sasan

Recent research in areas such as SAT solving and Integer Linear Programming has shown that the performances of a single arbitrarily efficient solver can be significantly outperformed by a portfolio of possibly slower on-average solvers. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-01-07 Roberto Amadini , Maurizio Gabbrielli , Jacopo Mauro

Automated reasoners, such as SAT/SMT solvers and first-order provers, are becoming the backbones of rigorous systems engineering, being used for example in applications of system verification, program synthesis, and cybersecurity.…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Robin Coutelier , Jakob Rath , Michael Rawson , Armin Biere , Laura Kovács

The Liquid Reasoning Transformer (LRT) is a transformer architecture designed for inference with adaptive depths using iterative changes, discard-based correction, and a learned stopping mechanism. Instead of relying on a single feedforward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Shivansh Sahni , Wenzhi Zhang

CDCL-based SAT solvers have transformed the field of automated reasoning owing to their demonstrated efficiency at handling problems arising from diverse domains. The success of CDCL solvers is owed to the design of clever heuristics that…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-05-12 Arijit Shaw , Kuldeep S. Meel