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As artificial intelligence (AI) systems become increasingly integrated into critical decision-making processes, the need for transparent and interpretable models has become paramount. In this article we present a new ruleset creation method…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Mario Parrón Verdasco , Esteban García-Cuesta

Reinforcement learning policies are typically represented by black-box neural networks, which are non-interpretable and not well-suited for safety-critical domains. To address both of these issues, we propose constrained normalizing flow…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Finn Rietz , Erik Schaffernicht , Stefan Heinrich , Johannes A. Stork

Most deep learning recommendation models operate as black boxes, relying on latent representations that obscure their decision process. This lack of intrinsic interpretability raises concerns in applications that require transparency and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Jinhao Pan , Bowen Wei , Ziwei Zhu

Interpretability provides a toolset for understanding how and why neural networks behave in certain ways. However, there is little unity in the field: most studies employ ad-hoc evaluations and do not share theoretical foundations, making…

Despite deep learning (DL) has achieved remarkable progress in various domains, the DL models are still prone to making mistakes. This issue necessitates effective debugging tools for DL practitioners to interpret the decision-making…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Yeong-Joon Ju , Ji-Hoon Park , Seong-Whan Lee

There exist applications of reinforcement learning like medicine where policies need to be ''interpretable'' by humans. User studies have shown that some policy classes might be more interpretable than others. However, it is costly to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Hector Kohler , Quentin Delfosse , Waris Radji , Riad Akrour , Philippe Preux

Without any means of interpretation, neural networks that predict molecular properties and bioactivities are merely black boxes. We will unravel these black boxes and will demonstrate approaches to understand the learned representations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-19 Kristina Preuer , Günter Klambauer , Friedrich Rippmann , Sepp Hochreiter , Thomas Unterthiner

The thesis explores the role machine learning methods play in creating intuitive computational models of neural processing. Combined with interpretability techniques, machine learning could replace human modeler and shift the focus of human…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2020-10-20 Ilya Kuzovkin

Recently deep reinforcement learning has achieved tremendous success in wide ranges of applications. However, it notoriously lacks data-efficiency and interpretability. Data-efficiency is important as interacting with the environment is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Duo Xu , Faramarz Fekri

Algorithm extraction aims to synthesize executable programs directly from models trained on algorithmic tasks, enabling de novo algorithm discovery without relying on human-written code. However, applying this paradigm to Transformer is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Yifan Zhang , Wei Bi , Kechi Zhang , Dongming Jin , Jie Fu , Zhi Jin

Logical rule-based methods offer an interpretable approach to knowledge graph completion (KGC) by capturing compositional relationships in the form of human-readable inference rules. While existing logical rule-based methods learn rule…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Trung Hoang Le , Tran Cao Son , Huiping Cao

Comprehensible neural network explanations are foundations for a better understanding of decisions, especially when the input data are infused with malicious perturbations. Existing solutions generally mitigate the impact of perturbations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Yicong Li , Kuanjiu Zhou , Shuo Yu , Qiang Zhang , Renqiang Luo , Xiaodong Li , Feng Xia

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive human-like performance across various reasoning tasks. However, their mastery of underlying inferential rules still falls short of human capabilities. To investigate this, we propose a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Siyuan Wang , Zhongyu Wei , Yejin Choi , Xiang Ren

Researchers have relegated natural language processing tasks to Transformer-type models, particularly generative models, because these models exhibit high versatility when performing generation and classification tasks. As the size of these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Fabio Yáñez-Romero , Andrés Montoyo , Armando Suárez , Yoan Gutiérrez , Ruslan Mitkov

Developing inherently interpretable models for prediction has gained prominence in recent years. A subclass of these models, wherein the interpretable network relies on learning high-level concepts, are valued because of closeness of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Jayneel Parekh , Quentin Bouniot , Pavlo Mozharovskyi , Alasdair Newson , Florence d'Alché-Buc

Humans have the ability to seamlessly combine low-level visual input with high-level symbolic reasoning often in the form of recognising objects, learning relations between them and applying rules. Neuro-symbolic systems aim to bring a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Nuri Cingillioglu , Alessandra Russo

Discovering interpretable patterns for classification of sequential data is of key importance for a variety of fields, ranging from genomics to fraud detection or more generally interpretable decision-making. In this paper, we propose a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Marine Collery , Philippe Bonnard , François Fages , Remy Kusters

Neural networks leverage robust internal representations in order to generalise. Learning them is difficult, and often requires a large training set that covers the data distribution densely. We study a common setting where our task is not…

Interpretability and explainability of deep neural networks are challenging due to their scale, complexity, and the agreeable notions on which the explaining process rests. Previous work, in particular, has focused on representing internal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-09 Quan Tran , Nhan Dam , Tuan Lai , Franck Dernoncourt , Trung Le , Nham Le , Dinh Phung

We propose a formal model of reasoning limitations in large neural net models for language, grounded in the depth of their neural architecture. By treating neural networks as linear operators over logic predicate space we show that each…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Bill Cochran