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Related papers: Causal Claims in Economics

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Large language models (LLMs) are trained on enormous amounts of data and encode knowledge in their parameters. We propose a pipeline to elicit causal relationships from LLMs. Specifically, (i) we sample many documents from LLMs on a given…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Takashi Kameyama , Masahiro Kato , Yasuko Hio , Yasushi Takano , Naoto Minakawa

Previous work for text summarization in scientific domain mainly focused on the content of the input document, but seldom considering its citation network. However, scientific papers are full of uncommon domain-specific terms, making it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-08 Chenxin An , Ming Zhong , Yiran Chen , Danqing Wang , Xipeng Qiu , Xuanjing Huang

Many research questions concern treatment effects on outcomes that can recur several times in the same individual. For example, medical researchers are interested in treatment effects on hospitalizations in heart failure patients and sports…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-12-31 Matias Janvin , Jessica G. Young , Pål C. Ryalen , Mats J. Stensrud

Traditional economic models typically treat private information, or signals, as generated from some underlying state. Recent work has explicated alternative models, where signals correspond to interpretations of available information. We…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2012-02-20 Michael P. Wellman , Lu Hong , Scott E. Page

A non-parametric method for ranking stock indices according to their mutual causal influences is presented. Under the assumption that indices reflect the underlying economy of a country, such a ranking indicates which countries exert the…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2018-01-23 Theo Diamandis , Yonathan Murin , Andrea Goldsmith

The key of sequential recommendation lies in the accurate item correlation modeling. Previous models infer such information based on item co-occurrences, which may fail to capture the real causal relations, and impact the recommendation…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-12-14 Zhenlei Wang , Xu Chen , Rui Zhou , Quanyu Dai , Zhenhua Dong , Ji-Rong Wen

The notion of causality assumes a paramount position within the realm of human cognition. Over the past few decades, there has been significant advancement in the domain of causal effect estimation across various disciplines, including but…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-05-24 Zongyu Li , Xiaobo Guo , Siwei Qiang

Causal inference from observational data is the goal of many data analyses in the health and social sciences. However, academic statistics has often frowned upon data analyses with a causal objective. The introduction of the term "data…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-04-11 Miguel A. Hernán , John Hsu , Brian Healy

Causal reasoning is a cornerstone of how humans interpret the world. To model and reason about causality, causal graphs offer a concise yet effective solution. Given the impressive advancements in language models, a crucial question arises:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Sirui Chen , Mengying Xu , Kun Wang , Xingyu Zeng , Rui Zhao , Shengjie Zhao , Chaochao Lu

The connectivity of a network contains information about the relationships between nodes, which can denote interactions, associations, or dependencies. We show that this information can be analyzed by measuring the uncertainty (and…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-01-23 Brennan Klein , Erik Hoel

Synthetic data generation becomes prevalent as a solution to privacy leakage and data shortage. Generative models are designed to generate a realistic synthetic dataset, which can precisely express the data distribution for the real…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-22 Bingyang Wen , Luis Oliveros Colon , K. P. Subbalakshmi , R. Chandramouli

Causal inference methods (instrumental variables, difference-in-differences, regression discontinuity, etc.) are primary tools used across many social science milieus. One area where their application has lagged however, is in the study of…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-04-22 Samuele Centorrino , Christopher F. Parmeter

Sound educational policy recommendations require valid estimates of causal effects, but observational studies in physics education research sometimes have loosely specified causal hypotheses. The connections between the observational data…

Physics Education · Physics 2021-09-22 M. B. Weissman

Estimating causal effects from observational data informs us about which factors are important in an autonomous system, and enables us to take better decisions. This is important because it has applications in selecting a treatment in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-29 Plabon Shaha , Talha Islam Zadid , Ismat Rahman , Md. Mosaddek Khan

Causal reasoning is fundamental to human intelligence and crucial for effective decision-making in real-world environments. Despite recent advancements in large vision-language models (LVLMs), their ability to comprehend causality remains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Meiqi Chen , Bo Peng , Yan Zhang , Chaochao Lu

Complex systems can be described at myriad different scales, and their causal workings often have multiscale structure (e.g., a computer can be described at the microscale of its hardware circuitry, the mesoscale of its machine code, and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Erik Hoel

Causal inference provides an analytical framework to identify and quantify cause-and-effect relationships among a network of interacting agents. This paper offers a novel framework for analyzing cascading failures in power transmission…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-28 Shiuli Subhra Ghosh , Anmol Dwivedi , Ali Tajer , Kyongmin Yeo , Wesley M. Gifford

Entropic causal inference is a recent framework for learning the causal graph between two variables from observational data by finding the information-theoretically simplest structural explanation of the data, i.e., the model with smallest…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Spencer Compton , Kristjan Greenewald , Dmitriy Katz , Murat Kocaoglu

With recent advances in natural language processing, rationalization becomes an essential self-explaining diagram to disentangle the black box by selecting a subset of input texts to account for the major variation in prediction. Yet,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Wenbo Zhang , Tong Wu , Yunlong Wang , Yong Cai , Hengrui Cai

Causality graphs are routinely estimated in social sciences, natural sciences, and engineering due to their capacity to efficiently represent the spatiotemporal structure of multivariate data sets in a format amenable for human…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-16 Bakht Zaman , Luis Miguel Lopez Ramos , Daniel Romero , Baltasar Beferull-Lozano