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Entropic Causal Inference: Graph Identifiability

Machine Learning 2025-09-23 v1 Artificial Intelligence

Abstract

Entropic causal inference is a recent framework for learning the causal graph between two variables from observational data by finding the information-theoretically simplest structural explanation of the data, i.e., the model with smallest entropy. In our work, we first extend the causal graph identifiability result in the two-variable setting under relaxed assumptions. We then show the first identifiability result using the entropic approach for learning causal graphs with more than two nodes. Our approach utilizes the property that ancestrality between a source node and its descendants can be determined using the bivariate entropic tests. We provide a sound sequential peeling algorithm for general graphs that relies on this property. We also propose a heuristic algorithm for small graphs that shows strong empirical performance. We rigorously evaluate the performance of our algorithms on synthetic data generated from a variety of models, observing improvement over prior work. Finally we test our algorithms on real-world datasets.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2509.16463,
  title  = {Entropic Causal Inference: Graph Identifiability},
  author = {Spencer Compton and Kristjan Greenewald and Dmitriy Katz and Murat Kocaoglu},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2509.16463},
  year   = {2025}
}

Comments

Presented at ICML 2022. This version corrects a bug in semi-synthetic experiments

R2 v1 2026-07-01T05:46:46.269Z