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Consider a finite absorbing Markov generator, irreducible on the non-absorbing states. Perron-Frobenius theory ensures the existence of a corresponding positive eigenvector $\varphi$. The goal of the paper is to give bounds on the amplitude…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-04-20 Persi Diaconis , Laurent Miclo

The hierarchical product of two graphs represents a natural way to build a larger graph out of two smaller graphs with less regular and therefore more heterogeneous structure than the Cartesian product. Here we study the eigenvalue spectrum…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2016-11-28 Per Sebastian Skardal , Kirsti Wash

An out-branching of a directed graph is a rooted spanning tree with all arcs directed outwards from the root. We consider the problem of deciding whether a given directed graph D has an out-branching with at least k leaves (Directed…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2007-11-27 Paul Bonsma , Frederic Dorn

In a recent paper, Kwon and Oum claim that every graph of bounded rank-width is a pivot-minor of a graph of bounded tree-width (while the converse has been known true already before). We study the analogous questions for "depth" parameters…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2014-03-28 Petr Hliněný , O-joung Kwon , Jan Obdržálek , Sebastian Ordyniak

We study embeddings of graphs with bounded treewidth or bounded simple treewidth into the undirected graph underlying the directed product of two directed graphs. If the factors have bounded maximum indegrees, then the product graph has…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-18 Kevin Hendrey , David R. Wood , Jung Hon Yip

The Rooted Maximum Leaf Outbranching problem consists in finding a spanning directed tree rooted at some prescribed vertex of a digraph with the maximum number of leaves. Its parameterized version asks if there exists such a tree with at…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2009-04-20 Jean Daligault , Stephan Thomasse

The Matrix-Tree Theorem states that the number of spanning trees of a graph is given by the absolute value of any cofactor of the Laplacian matrix of the graph. We propose a very short proof of this result which amounts to comparing Taylor…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-03-14 Amitai Netser Zernik

The inducibility of a graph represents its maximum density as an induced subgraph over all possible sequences of graphs of size growing to infinity. This invariant of graphs has been extensively studied since its introduction in $1975$ by…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-19 Daniel Brosch , Diane Puges

The problem of spanning trees is closely related to various interesting problems in the area of statistical physics, but determining the number of spanning trees in general networks is computationally intractable. In this paper, we perform…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2012-04-23 Zhongzhi Zhang , Bin Wu , Yuan Lin

Graph burning is a discrete-time process that models the spread of social contagion. Initially, all vertices are unburned. In each round, one unburned vertex is selected and burned, while any unburned vertex that has a burned neighbour from…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-01 Jesper Jansson , Shashanka Kulamarva , Yukihiro Murakami , Nikolaas Verhulst

The uniqueness of the Perron vector of a nonnegative block matrix associated to a multiplex network is discussed. The conclusions come from the relationships between the irreducibility of some nonnegative block matrix associated to a…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-06-23 Miguel Romance , Luis Solá , Julio Flores , Esther García , Alejandro García del Amo , Regino Criado

The number of spanning trees in a class of directed circulant graphs with generators depending linearly on the number of vertices $\beta n$, and in the $n$-th and $(n-1)$-th power graphs of the $\beta n$-cycle are evaluated as a product of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-08-01 Justine Louis

If A is a nonnegative matrix whose associated directed graph is strongly connected, the Perron-Frobenius theorem asserts that A has an eigenvector in the positive cone, (R^+)^n. We associate a directed graph to any homogeneous, monotone…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Stephane Gaubert , Jeremy Gunawardena

We study the large-deviation properties of minimum spanning trees for two ensembles of random graphs with $N$ nodes. First, we consider complete graphs. Second, we study Erd\H{o}s-R\'{e}nyi (ER) random graphs with edge probability $p=c/N$…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-12-16 Mahdi Sarikhani , Alexander K. Hartmann

The motivation for this paper is the study of the phase transition for recurrence/transience of a class of self-interacting random walks on trees, which includes the once-reinforced random walk. For this purpose, we define a quantity, that…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-10-18 Andrea Collevecchio , Daniel Kious , Vladas Sidoravicius

We prove that every oriented tree on $n$ vertices with bounded maximum degree appears as a spanning subdigraph of every directed graph on $n$ vertices with minimum semidegree at least $n/2+o(n)$. This can be seen as a directed graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-20 Richard Mycroft , Tássio Naia

Accessibility percolation is a new type of percolation problem inspired by evolutionary biology. To each vertex of a graph a random number is assigned and a path through the graph is called accessible if all numbers along the path are in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2013-04-04 Stefan Nowak , Joachim Krug

We consider a Gibbs distribution over all spanning trees of an undirected, edge weighted finite graph, where, up to normalization, the probability of each tree is given by the product of its edge weights. Defining the weighted degree of a…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Enrique Fita Sanmartín , Christoph Schnörr , Fred A. Hamprecht

The Novikov-Shubin invariant associated to a graph provides information about the accumulation of eigenvalues of the corresponding adjacency matrix close to the origin. For a directed graph these eigenvalues lie in the complex plane and…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-01-19 Torben Krüger , David Renfrew

This note derives asymptotic upper and lower bounds for the number of planted plane trees on $n$ nodes assigned labels from the set $\{1,2,\ldots, k\}$ with the restriction that on any path from the root to a leaf, the labels must strictly…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-04 Tsun-Ming Cheung , Luc Devroye , Marcel K. Goh