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Legal work, characterized by its text-heavy and resource-intensive nature, presents unique challenges and opportunities for NLP research. While data-driven approaches have advanced the field, their lack of interpretability and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Oliver Wardas , Florian Matthes

Architectural Decision Records (ADRs) play a central role in maintaining software architecture quality, yet many decision violations go unnoticed because projects lack both systematic documentation and automated detection mechanisms. Recent…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Ruoyu Su , Alexander Bakhtin , Noman Ahmad , Matteo Esposito , Valentina Lenarduzzi , Davide Taibi

Retrieval augmented generation (RAG) has been widely adopted to help Large Language Models (LLMs) to process tasks involving long documents. However, existing retrieval models are not designed for long document retrieval and fail to address…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-13 David Jiahao Fu , Lam Thanh Do , Jiayu Li , Kevin Chen-Chuan Chang

We present AgenticRAG, a practical agentic harness for retrieval and analysis over enterprise knowledge bases. Standard RAG pipelines place significant burden of grounding on the search stack, constraining the language model to a fixed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Susheel Suresh , Hazel Mak , Shangpo Chou , Fred Kroon , Sahil Bhatnagar

The tasks of legal case retrieval have received growing attention from the IR community in the last decade. Relevance feedback techniques with implicit user feedback (e.g., clicks) have been demonstrated to be effective in traditional…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Ruizhe Zhang , Qingyao Ai , Ziyi Ye , Yueyue Wu , Xiaohui Xie , Yiqun Liu

Large, pre-trained transformer models like BERT have achieved state-of-the-art results on document understanding tasks, but most implementations can only consider 512 tokens at a time. For many real-world applications, documents can be much…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-20 Allison Hegel , Marina Shah , Genevieve Peaslee , Brendan Roof , Emad Elwany

Crowdsourcing provides a practical way to obtain large amounts of labeled data at a low cost. However, the annotation quality of annotators varies considerably, which imposes new challenges in learning a high-quality model from the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Zhendong Chu , Jing Ma , Hongning Wang

The task of answer retrieval in the legal domain aims to help users to seek relevant legal advice from massive amounts of professional responses. Two main challenges hinder applying existing answer retrieval approaches in other domains to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-01-11 Arian Askari , Zihui Yang , Zhaochun Ren , Suzan Verberne

Crowdsourcing is a relatively economic and efficient solution to collect annotations from the crowd through online platforms. Answers collected from workers with different expertise may be noisy and unreliable, and the quality of annotated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-08 Jingzheng Tu , Guoxian Yu , Jun Wang , Carlotta Domeniconi , Xiangliang Zhang

Semantic retrieval is crucial for modern applications yet remains underexplored in current research. Existing datasets are limited to single languages, single images, or singular retrieval conditions, often failing to fully exploit the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Wei Chow , Yuan Gao , Linfeng Li , Xian Wang , Qi Xu , Hang Song , Lingdong Kong , Ran Zhou , Yi Zeng , Yidong Cai , Botian Jiang , Shilin Xu , Jiajun Zhang , Minghui Qiu , Xiangtai Li , Tianshu Yang , Siliang Tang , Juncheng Li

In scientific research, the ability to effectively retrieve relevant documents based on complex, multifaceted queries is critical. Existing evaluation datasets for this task are limited, primarily due to the high cost and effort required to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Jianyou Wang , Kaicheng Wang , Xiaoyue Wang , Prudhviraj Naidu , Leon Bergen , Ramamohan Paturi

The field of information retrieval often works with limited and noisy data in an attempt to classify documents into subjective categories, e.g., relevance, sentiment and controversy. We typically quantify a notion of agreement to understand…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-06-14 John Foley

DocRED is a widely used dataset for document-level relation extraction. In the large-scale annotation, a \textit{recommend-revise} scheme is adopted to reduce the workload. Within this scheme, annotators are provided with candidate relation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Quzhe Huang , Shibo Hao , Yuan Ye , Shengqi Zhu , Yansong Feng , Dongyan Zhao

Patent examiners need to solve a complex information retrieval task when they assess the novelty and inventive step of claims made in a patent application. Given a claim, they search for prior art, which comprises all relevant publicly…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Julian Risch , Nicolas Alder , Christoph Hewel , Ralf Krestel

The semantic gap between colloquial user queries and professional legal documents presents a fundamental challenge in Legal Case Retrieval (LCR). Existing dense retrieval methods typically treat LCR as a black-box semantic matching process,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Minghan Li , Tianrui Lv , Chao Zhang , Guodong Zhou

Crowdsourcing is an economic and efficient strategy aimed at collecting annotations of data through an online platform. Crowd workers with different expertise are paid for their service, and the task requester usually has a limited budget.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-11 Jinzheng Tu , Guoxian Yu , Carlotta Domeniconi , Jun Wang , Xiangliang Zhang

Composing knowledge from multiple pieces of texts is a key challenge in multi-hop question answering. We present a multi-hop reasoning dataset, Question Answering via Sentence Composition(QASC), that requires retrieving facts from a large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-06 Tushar Khot , Peter Clark , Michal Guerquin , Peter Jansen , Ashish Sabharwal

Large language models (LLMs) inherently display hallucinations since the precision of generated texts cannot be guaranteed purely by the parametric knowledge they include. Although retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems enhance the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Bingyu Wan , Fuxi Zhang , Zhongpeng Qi , Jiayi Ding , Jijun Li , Baoshi Fan , Yijia Zhang , Jun Zhang

Annotation quality and quantity positively affect the learning performance of sequence labeling, a vital task in Natural Language Processing. Hiring domain experts to annotate a corpus is very costly in terms of money and time.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Nasim Sabetpour , Adithya Kulkarni , Sihong Xie , Qi Li

We present ModelTables, a benchmark of tables in Model Lakes that captures the structured semantics of performance and configuration tables often overlooked by text only retrieval. The corpus is built from Hugging Face model cards, GitHub…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Zhengyuan Dong , Victor Zhong , Renée J. Miller