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Placement is a critical and challenging step of modern chip design, with routability being an essential indicator of placement quality. Current routability-oriented placers typically apply an iterative two-stage approach, wherein the first…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Yunbo Hou , Haoran Ye , Yingxue Zhang , Siyuan Xu , Guojie Song

Timing optimization during the global placement of integrated circuits has been a significant focus for decades, yet it remains a complex, unresolved issue. Recent analytical methods typically use pin-level timing information to adjust net…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Yunqi Shi , Siyuan Xu , Shixiong Kai , Xi Lin , Ke Xue , Mingxuan Yuan , Chao Qian

Global placement is a fundamental step in VLSI physical design. The wide use of 2D processing element (PE) arrays in machine learning accelerators poses new challenges of scalability and Quality of Results (QoR) for state-of-the-art…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Andrew B. Kahng , Zhiang Wang

Placement is a critical task with high computation complexity in VLSI physical design. Modern analytical placers formulate the placement objective as a nonlinear optimization task, which suffers a long iteration time. To accelerate and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Yiting Liu , Hai Zhou , Jia Wang , Fan Yang , Xuan Zeng , Li Shang

This paper presents the novel idea of multi-placement structures, for a fast and optimized placement instantiation in analog circuit synthesis. These structures need to be generated only once for a specific circuit topology. When used in…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2011-11-09 Raoul F. Badaoui , Ranga Vemuri

Global placement is essential for high-quality and efficient circuit placement for complex modern VLSI designs. Recent advancements, such as electrostatics-based analytic placement, have improved scalability and solution quality. This work…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Hangyu Zhang , Sachin S. Sapatnekar

Chip placement, a critical step in the VLSI physical design flow, directly impacts performance, power, and routability. Traditional chip placement methods, relying on analytical optimization or sequential reinforcement learning (RL), face…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Kien Le Trung , Truong-Son Hy

The placement problem in Very Large-Scale Integration (VLSI) circuits is a critical step in chip design. Its primary goal is to optimize the wirelength of circuit components within a confined area while adhering to nonoverlapping…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-06 Yi-Shuang Yue , Yu-Hong Dai , Haijun Yu

Timing optimization during global placement is critical for achieving optimal circuit performance and remains a key challenge in modern Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) design. As FPGA designs scale and heterogeneous resources increase,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-02 He Jiang , Yi Guo , Shikai Guo , Huijiang Liu , Xiaochen Li , Ning Wang , Zhixiong Di

Chip placement plays an important role in physical design. While generative models like diffusion models offer promising learning-based solutions, current methods have the following limitations: they use random synthetic data for…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Peng Xie , Ke Xue , Yunqi Shi , Ruo-Tong Chen , Chengrui Gao , Siyuan Xu , Chenjian Ding , Mingxuan Yuan , Chao Qian

Placement is an essential task in modern chip design, aiming at placing millions of circuit modules on a 2D chip canvas. Unlike the human-centric solution, which requires months of intense effort by hardware engineers to produce a layout to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Yao Lai , Yao Mu , Ping Luo

Runtime and scalability of large neural networks can be significantly affected by the placement of operations in their dataflow graphs on suitable devices. With increasingly complex neural network architectures and heterogeneous device…

We propose a novel positional encoding for learning graph on Transformer architecture. Existing approaches either linearize a graph to encode absolute position in the sequence of nodes, or encode relative position with another node using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Wonpyo Park , Woonggi Chang , Donggeon Lee , Juntae Kim , Seung-won Hwang

Learning to compute, the ability to model the functional behavior of a circuit graph, is a fundamental challenge for graph representation learning. Yet, the dominant paradigm is architecturally mismatched for this task. This flawed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Ziyang Zheng , Jiaying Zhu , Jingyi Zhou , Qiang Xu

In this work, we present a learning-based approach to chip placement, one of the most complex and time-consuming stages of the chip design process. Unlike prior methods, our approach has the ability to learn from past experience and improve…

Modern neural networks require long training to reach decent performance on massive datasets. One common approach to speed up training is model parallelization, where large neural networks are split across multiple devices. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Tianze Wang , Amir H. Payberah , Desta Haileselassie Hagos , Vladimir Vlassov

Co-optimizing placement with congestion is integral to achieving high-quality designs. This paper presents GOALPlace, a new learning-based general approach to improving placement congestion by controlling cell density. Our method…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Anthony Agnesina , Rongjian Liang , Geraldo Pradipta , Anand Rajaram , Haoxing Ren

For its advantage in GPU acceleration and less dependency on human experts, machine learning has been an emerging tool for solving the placement and routing problems, as two critical steps in modern chip design flow. Being still in its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Ruoyu Cheng , Junchi Yan

Automatic transistor sizing is a challenging problem in circuit design due to the large design space, complex performance trade-offs, and fast technological advancements. Although there has been plenty of work on transistor sizing targeting…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-05 Hanrui Wang , Kuan Wang , Jiacheng Yang , Linxiao Shen , Nan Sun , Hae-Seung Lee , Song Han

We present GraPLUS (Graph-based Placement Using Semantics), a novel framework for plausible object placement in images that leverages scene graphs and large language models. Our approach uniquely combines graph-structured scene…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Mir Mohammad Khaleghi , Mehran Safayani , Abdolreza Mirzaei
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